Effects of Fibroblast Transplantation on the Content of Macrophages and the Morphology of Regenerating Ischemic Cutaneous Wounds

Background: The study of the morphological structure and the determination of macrophagal fraction (MF) in the newly formed epidermis and dermis on the 19th day after the transplantation of auto- and heterofibroblasts and a dermal equivalent with heterofibroblasts will allow determining the optimal method for ischemic wound healing. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 28 white mature mice of the C57/B1 line aged between 5 and 7 months. In an ischemic cutaneous wound, 0.4 ml of fibroblast suspension (1.33 million cells) and a dermal equivalent were transplanted. The biopsy material was embedded in paraffin and stained with H&E by the Weigert-Van Gieson method to visualize the elastic and collagen fibers. Macrophages were determined by monoclonal antibodies to CD68. On the 19th day of the healing of ischemic cutaneous wound, the wound healing process goes through the transition from the stage of proliferation with the granulation tissue formation into the stage of differentiation or fibrosis. The most positive for regenerative histogenesis and inflammation is the introduction of autofibroblasts. The most differentiated epidermis is formed after transplantation into the wound of the dermal equivalent with heterofibroblasts due to the presence of hairpieces in the form of formed hair follicles. The favorable effect of the dermal equivalent with heterofibroblasts differs from the influence of the autofibroblast suspension only by several percent: the thickness of the epidermis by 4.29%, the area of collagen fibers by 2.66%, and the area of the blood vessels by 4.04%. The most positive treatment for regenerative histogenesis and inflammation is the introduction of autofibroblasts. The most differentiated epidermis is formed after transplantation into the wound of the dermal equivalent with heterofibroblasts, due to the presence of pieces hair in the form of formed hair follicles. Conclusion: The favorable effect of the dermal equivalent with heterofibroblasts differs from the influence of the autofibroblast suspension by only several percent: the thickness of the epidermis by 4.29%, the area of collagen fibers by 2.66%, and the area of the blood vessels by 4.04%