Downregulated expression of HSP27 in human low-grade glioma tissues discovered by a quantitative proteomic analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Heat shock proteins (HSPs), including mainly HSP110, HSP90, HSP70, HSP60 and small HSP families, are evolutionary conserved proteins involved in various cellular processes. Abnormal expression of HSPs has been detected in several tumor types, which indicates that specific HSPs have different prognostic significance for different tumors. In the current studies, the expression profiling of HSPs in human low-grade glioma tissues (HGTs) were investigated using a sensitive, accurate SILAC (stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture)-based quantitative proteomic strategy.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The five HSP family members were detected and quantified in both HGTs and autologous para-cancerous brain tissues (PBTs) by the SILAC-based mass spectrometry (MS) simultaneously. HSP90 AB1, HSP A5(70 KDa), and especially HSP27 were significantly downregulated in HGTs, whereas the expression level of HSPA9 (70 KDa) was little higher in HGTs than that in PBTs. It was noted that the downregulation ratio of HSP27 was 0.48-fold in HGTs <it>versus </it>PBTs, which was further validated by results from RT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we detected HSP27 expression changes along with cell growth under heat shock treatment in glioma H4 cells.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The SILAC-MS technique is an applicable and efficient novel method, with a high-throughput manner, to quantitatively compare the relative expression level of HSPs in brain tumors. Different HSP family members have specific protein expression levels in human low-grade glioma discovered by SILAC-MS analysis. HSP27 expression was obviously downregulated in HGTs <it>versus </it>PBTs, and it exhibited temporal and spatial variation under heat shock treatment (43°C/0-3 h) <it>in vitro</it>. HSP27's rapid upregulation was probably correlated with the temporary resistance to heat shock in order to maintain the survival of human glioma cells.</p

Mechanisms of action of the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax in multiple myeloma: a literature review

Abnormal cellular apoptosis plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Multiple Myeloma (MM). Over the years, BCL-2, a crucial anti-apoptotic protein, has garnered significant attention in MM therapeutic research. Venetoclax (VTC), a small-molecule targeted agent, effectively inhibits BCL-2, promoting the programmed death of cancerous cells. While VTC has been employed to treat various hematological malignancies, its particular efficacy in MM has showcased its potential for broader clinical applications. In this review, we delve into the intricacies of how VTC modulates apoptosis in MM cells by targeting BCL-2 and the overarching influence of the BCL-2 protein family in MM apoptosis regulation. Our findings highlight the nuanced interplay between VTC, BCL-2, and MM, offering insights that may pave the way for optimizing therapeutic strategies. Through this comprehensive analysis, we aim to lay a solid groundwork for future explorations into VTC’s clinical applications and the profound effects of BCL-2 on cellular apoptosis

A literature review: mechanisms of antitumor pharmacological action of leonurine alkaloid

Leonurine refers to the desiccated aerial portion of a plant in the Labiatae family. The primary bioactive constituent of Leonurine is an alkaloid, Leonurine alkaloid (Leo), renowned for its substantial therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of gynecological disorders, in addition to its broad-spectrum antineoplastic capabilities. Over recent years, the pharmacodynamic mechanisms of Leo have garnered escalating scholarly interest. Leo exhibits its anticancer potential by means of an array of mechanisms, encompassing the inhibition of neoplastic cell proliferation, induction of both apoptosis and autophagy, and the containment of oncogenic cell invasion and migration. The key signal transduction pathways implicated in these processes include the Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL), the Phosphoinositide3-Kinase/Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase (PI3K/AKT), the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), and the Mitogen-Activated Protein/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (MAP/ERK). This paper commences with an exploration of the principal oncogenic cellular behaviors influenced by Leo and the associated signal transduction pathways, thereby scrutinizing the mechanisms of Leo in the antineoplastic sequence of events. The intention is to offer theoretical reinforcement for the elucidation of more profound mechanisms underpinning Leo’s anticancer potential and correlating pharmaceutical development

The dynamic changes of mango (Mangifera indica L.) epicuticular wax during fruit development and effect of epicuticular wax on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides invasion

Mango fruits are susceptible to diseases, such as anthracnose, during fruit development, leading to yield reduction. Epicuticular wax is closely related to resistance of plants to pathogenic bacterial invasion. In this study, the effect of mango fruit epicuticular wax on the invasion of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was investigated, followed by to understand the changes of wax chemical composition and crystal morphology during mango fruit development using GC-MS and SEM. Results showed that the epicuticular wax of mango fruits can prevent the invasion of C. gloeosporioides, and ‘Renong’ showed the strongest resistance to C. gloeosporioides. The wax content of four mango varieties first increased and then decreased from 40 days after full bloom (DAFB) to 120 DAFB. In addition, 95 compounds were detected in the epicuticular wax of the four mango varieties at five developmental periods, in which primary alcohols, terpenoids and esters were the main wax chemical composition. Furthermore, the surface wax structure of mango fruit changed dynamically during fruit development, and irregular platelet-like crystals were the main wax structure. The present study showed the changes of wax content, chemical composition and crystal morphology during mango fruit development, and the special terpenoids (squalene, farnesyl acetate and farnesol) and dense crystal structure in the epicuticular wax of ‘Renong’ fruit may be the main reason for its stronger resistance to C. gloeosporioides than other varieties. Therefore, these results provide a reference for the follow-up study of mango fruit epicuticular wax synthesis mechanism and breeding

Visual analysis by using artificial intelligence (AI) : face generation and recognition under pose variation

The main idea of the project is to employ the face generation function with the side view image of the face captured by the monitor to get the frontal view image of the subject and then automatically recognize the identity by face recognition module. The proposed framework named TPFNet contains two modules as face generation and face recognition. The face generation module is based on Two-Pathway Generative Adversarial Network (TPGAN) and the other is based on a combination module of Multi-task Cascaded Convolutional Networks (MTCNN) and FaceNet. The dataset was collected from the internet. To achieve a good result, the project used the Multi-PIE dataset which contains more than 17000 images under different pose and illumination. In order to understand the process of the face generation, the report will describe the basic concepts of Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) and explain the special points of the architecture of TPGAN. Because the pre-trained model of TPGAN has not been released on the internet, I will share my experimental details and highlight the challenges during the training. The face recognition module employed both MTCNN and FaceNet. The MTCNN is used for face detection and FaceNet is a unified framework for identification and verification. The report will explain the whole process of face recognition in the project and describe the main idea of the MTCNN and FaceNet as well as experimental details. Lastly, the project has great potential because this project demonstrates strong performance in the area of face generation, face detection, and face recognition. The recommendation of the future direction of improvement will be stated in the last chapter.Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Evolutionary Game Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Such as the Generative Pre-Trained Transformer in Future Education

As an emerging research area since generative artificial intelligence (represented by Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT)) has been accessible to the public, especially in education, appropriate AI application could bring numerous benefits to education; however, its abuse has the potential to be harmful. In this paper, we aimed to explore the potential of AI in the future of education with the analytical method of evolutionary game analysis (EGA). By studying the behavior of two agents, the school and the students, EGA can be used to identify strategies that can be used to improve the effectiveness of the education model in the context of the AI era. A stable evolutionary strategy for the school and students was devised under a variety of scenarios. Additionally, we conducted a numerical analysis to further explore the impact of several key factors on the stable strategy. The results indicated that schools should adopt positive supervision to standardize the use of AI in education, and students should be more active in becoming involved in AI technology. Based on this study, we believe that the school has the ability to provide effective suggestions and practical guidelines to help students succeed academically and embrace future trends in AI education

SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON CONNECTING ROD BEARING WEAR OF RECIPROCATING MACHINERY

In this paper,simulation and experimental studies of typical wear fault of the reciprocating machinery connecting rod big end bearing,explore the influence of the wear and tear on the lubrication parameters of the connecting rod big end bearing. Based on the Reynolds equation,by simulating different bearing wear situations: different widths,different depths and different positions, a comprehensive analysis of the associations between the degrees of wear of bearing and lubrication parameters,in particular the bearing temperatures. By installing the temperature sensor in the test unit connecting rod bearings,connecting rod temperature is on-line monitored,and the variation rules of temperature of the bearing under the state of wear are experimental confirmed

Bibliometric Evaluation of Global Tai Chi Research from 1980–2020

While studies on the health benefits of Tai Chi have sprung up over the past four decades, few have engaged in collecting global data, estimating the developing trends, and conducting reviews from the perspective of visualization and bibliometric analysis. This study aimed to provide a summary of the global scientific outputs on Tai Chi research from 1980 to 2020, explore the frontiers, identify cooperation networks, track research trends and highlight emerging hotspots. Relevant publications were downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database between 1980 and 2020. Bibliometric visualization and comparative analysis of authors, cited authors, journals, co-cited journals, institutions, countries, references, and keywords were systematically conducted using CiteSpace software. A total of 1078 publications satisfied the search criteria, and the trend of annual related publications was generally in an upward trend, although with some fluctuations. China (503) and Harvard University (74) were the most prolific country and institution, respectively. Most of the related researches were published in the journals with a focus on sport sciences, alternative medicine, geriatrics gerontology, and rehabilitation. Our results indicated that the current concerns and difficulties of Tai Chi research are “Intervention method”, “Targeted therapy”, “Applicable population”, “Risk factors”, and “Research quality”. The frontiers and promising domains of Tai Chi exercise in the health science field are preventions and rehabilitations of “Fall risk”, “Cardiorespiratory related disease”, “Stroke”, “Parkinson’s disease”, and “Depression”, which should receive more attention in the future

Combined Hybridization and Evaluation of High-Lysine Rice: Nutritional and Physicochemical Qualities and Field Performance

Rice, as a major food crop, provides necessary energy and nutrition for humans and livestock. However, its nutritional value is affected by lysine. Using point mutation, we previously obtained AK2 (aspartokinase) and DHDPS1 (dihydrodipicolinate synthase) genes insensitive to lysine feedback inhibition and constructed transgenic lines AK2-52 and DHDPS1-22, which show increased lysine synthesis, as well as Ri-12, which shows decreased lysine degradation by inhibiting rice lysine ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase (LKR/SDH) activity. In this study, further transgenic lines were hybridized and evaluated. The lysine content of mature seeds from pyramid lines PRD and PRA increased 32.5- and 29.8-fold, respectively, compared with the wild-type, while the three-gene pyramiding line PRDA had a moderate lysine content. The total lysine, total free lysine, and total protein contents of PRD and PRA also increased and had no obvious impact on the physical and chemical quality, seed appearance, and main agronomic traits. Meanwhile, comparative analysis with polygenic polymeric lines GR containing bacterial AK (lysC) and DHDPS (dapA) genes revealed differences in the way bacterial and endogenous rice AK and DHDPS regulate lysine biosynthesis. These results provide a reference for further evaluation and commercialization of high-lysine transgenic rice

Mitigation role of physical exercise participation in the relationship between blood cadmium and sleep disturbance: a cross-sectional study

Abstract The neurotoxicity of heavy metals received increasingly attention in recent years. Sleeping is regulated and coordinated by nervous system, however, the health hazard of heavy metal like cadmium (Cd) exposure on sleep health remained unknown. Rescue strategies like physical exercise (PE) has emerged to mitigate such influence. An epidemiological design with cross-sectional data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2010 was applied. The relationship between three blood heavy metals [cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg)] and sleep disturbance was analyzed. A total of 8,751 participants were finally included in and the weighted participants were 330,239,463. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression indicated that mixed blood metals were positively related to risk of sleep disturbance and the mixture effect of exposure to heavy metals was mainly attributable to Cd (89.1%). Weighted logistic regression showed a significant positive association between the highest quartile of blood Cd and sleep disturbance [(OR (95% CI)): 1.191 (1.014,1.400), p = 0.036] in the fully adjusted model, while no association was found under Pb and Hg exposure. In the association between Q3 and Q4 level of blood Cd and sleep disturbance, moderate-to-vigorous physical exercise group had lower risks than none and low exercise group. In the restricted cubic spline model, it was also verified that higher PE participation was associated with the lowest incidence of sleep disturbance with the increment in Cd concentration. Our study suggested that both policy makers and the public should minimize heavy metal exposure. Moreover, conducting moderate to vigorous physical exercise is a protecting factor to mitigate Cd’s influence on sleep health