Combining machine learning and human judgment in author disambiguation

ABSTRACT Author disambiguation in digital libraries becomes increasingly difficult as the number of publications and consequently the number of ambiguous author names keep growing. The fully automatic author disambiguation approach could not give satisfactory results due to the lack of signals in many cases. Furthermore, human judgment on the basis of automatic algorithms is also not suitable because the automatically disambiguated results are often mixed and not understandable for humans. In this paper, we propose a Labeling Oriented Author Disambiguation approach, called LOAD, to combine machine learning and human judgment together in author disambiguation. LOAD exploits a framework which consists of high precision clustering, high recall clustering, and top dissimilar clusters selection and ranking. In the framework, supervised learning algorithms are used to train the similarity functions between publications and a clustering algorithm is further applied to generate clusters. To validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed LOAD approach, comprehensive experiments are conducted. Comparing to conventional author disambiguation algorithms, the LOAD yields much more accurate results to assist human labeling. Further experiments show that the LOAD approach can save labeling time dramatically

Characteristics of Cancer Epidemiology among 0-14 years old Chinese Children，2005—2015

BackgroundCancer has become a leading cause of death for Chinese children, imposing a great economic burden on society and families. Therefore, it is extremely important to understand the epidemicsizes and trends of childhood malignancies.ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of childhood cancer in China from 2005 to 2015, so as to provide evidence for the formulation of prevention and control strategies and rational allocation of health resources concerning childhood cancer in China.MethodsData regarding cancer incidence and mortality in Chinese 0-14 years old children during 2008 to 2018 were collected from the Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were computed by dividing the number of child deaths caused by cancer by the fifth national population census (2010) and multiplying by 100 000. Joinpoint Regression Program was used to compute the annual percentage change (APC) to analyze the temporal trends of annual child cancer incidence and mortality rates.Results(1) During the period of 2005 to 2015, the median crude incidence rate and median crude mortality rate of cancer in 0-14 years old were 9.35/100 000, and 3.91/100 000, respectively. The median crude incidence and median crude mortality rate of 0-4 years old group were higher than those of 5-9 years old group and 10-14 years old group (P<0.05) . (2) The median crude incidence rate (10.21/100 000 vs 8.91/100 000) and median crude mortality rate (4.18/100 000 vs 3.47/100 000) of cancer in male children aged 0-14 years old were higher than those of female children of the same age (P<0.05) . (3) The median crude incidence rate (10.87/100 000 vs 7.20/100 000) and median crude mortalityrate (4.08/100 000 vs 3.54 /100 000) of cancer in urban children aged 0-14 years old were higher than those of rural children of the same age (P<0.05) . (4) The median crude mortality rate of cancer showed an upward trend in 0-14 years old in the period of 2005 to 2015 (APC=1.01%, P<0.05) ; amomg them, the median crude mortality rate in the 0-4 years old group showed an decreased trend (APC=-1.19%, P<0.05) ; the median crude mortality rate in the 5-9 years old group showed an increased trend (APC=2.50%, P<0.05) ; the median crude mortality rate in the 10-14 years old group was stable over time. (5) The median crude incidence rate and median crude mortality rate of cancer in rural 0-14 years old in rural areas presented an upward trend over the period 2005 to 2015 (APC=7.73%, 2.22%, P<0.05) . (6) The top six cancers among children aged 0-14 years old in this period were: leukemia, brain cancer, lymphoma, bone cancer, kidney cancer and liver cancer.ConclusionThe cancer incidence and mortality rate in Chinese 0-14 years old children showed different features by time, age group or geographical region (rural or urban) . Priorities for containing cancer should be given to rural children, 5-9 years old children or children with brain cancer or leukemia

Acupuncture and Moxibustion for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are recurrent and refractory which include ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Clinical researches about acupuncture and moxibustion treatments for IBD are increasing, while systematic reviews about their efficacy remains in a shortage. This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion for IBD. Methods. Seven significant databases both in and abroad were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which compared acupuncture and moxibustion as the main intervention to pharmacotherapy in treating IBD. A meta-analysis was performed. Results. A total of 43 RCTs were included. Among the 43 included trials, 10 trials compared oral sulphasalazine (SASP) with acupuncture and/or moxibustion treatments. A meta-analysis of the 10 trials indicated that acupuncture and moxibustion therapy was superior to oral SASP. Conclusion. Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy demonstrates better efficacy than oral SASP in treating IBD. However, given the limitations of this systematic review and the included literature, definitive conclusions regarding the exact efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for IBD cannot be drawn. Extant RCTs still cannot provide sufficient evidence and multicentre, double-blind RCTs with large sample sizes are needed to provide higher-quality evidence

Low-mass dark matter search results from full exposure of PandaX-I experiment

We report the results of a weakly-interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter search using the full 80.1\;live-day exposure of the first stage of the PandaX experiment (PandaX-I) located in the China Jin-Ping Underground Laboratory. The PandaX-I detector has been optimized for detecting low-mass WIMPs, achieving a photon detection efficiency of 9.6\%. With a fiducial liquid xenon target mass of 54.0\,kg, no significant excess event were found above the expected background. A profile likelihood analysis confirms our earlier finding that the PandaX-I data disfavor all positive low-mass WIMP signals reported in the literature under standard assumptions. A stringent bound on the low mass WIMP is set at WIMP mass below 10\,GeV/c$^2$, demonstrating that liquid xenon detectors can be competitive for low-mass WIMP searches.Comment: v3 as accepted by PRD. Minor update in the text in response to referee comments. Separating Fig. 11(a) and (b) into Fig. 11 and Fig. 12. Legend tweak in Fig. 9(b) and 9(c) as suggested by referee, as well as a missing legend for CRESST-II legend in Fig. 12 (now Fig. 13). Same version as submitted to PR

The First Case of Ischemia-Free Kidney Transplantation in Humans

Background: Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) has been considered an inevitable event in organ transplantation since the first successful kidney transplant was performed in 1954. To avoid IRI, we have established a novel procedure called ischemia-free organ transplantation. Here, we describe the first case of ischemia-free kidney transplantation (IFKT). Materials and Methods: The kidney graft was donated by a 19-year-old brain-dead donor. The recipient was a 47-year-old man with end-stage diabetic nephropathy. The graft was procured, preserved, and implanted without cessation of blood supply using normothermic machine perfusion. Results: The graft appearance, perfusion flow, and urine production suggested that the kidney was functioning well-during the whole procedure. The creatinine dropped rapidly to normal range within 3 days post-transplantation. The levels of serum renal injury markers were low post-transplantation. No rejection or vascular or infectious complications occurred. The patient had an uneventful recovery. Conclusion: This paper marks the first case of IFKT in humans. This innovation may offer a unique solution to optimizing transplant outcomes in kidney transplantation