3 research outputs found
The G proteinâcoupled receptor ligand apelinâ13 ameliorates skeletal muscle atrophy induced by chronic kidney disease
Abstract Background Targeting of the apelinâapelin receptor (Apj) system may serve as a useful therapeutic intervention for the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD)âinduced skeletal muscle atrophy. We investigated the roles and efficacy of the apelinâApj system in CKDâinduced skeletal muscle atrophy. Methods The 5/6ânephrectomized mice were used as CKD models. ASTâ120, a charcoal adsorbent of uraemic toxins (8 w/w% in diet), or apelin (1Â ÎŒmol/kg) was administered to CKD mice to investigate the mechanism and therapeutic potential of apelin on CKDâinduced skeletal muscle atrophy. The effect of indoxyl sulfate, a uraemic toxin, or apelin on skeletal muscle atrophy was evaluated using mouse myoblast cells (C2C12 cells) in vitro. Results Skeletal muscle atrophy developed over time following nephrectomy at 12Â weeks, as confirmed by a significant increase of atroginâ1 and myostatin mRNA expression in the gastrocnemius (GA) muscle and a decrease of lower limb skeletal muscle weight (PÂ <Â 0.05, 0.01 and 0.05, respectively). Apelin expression in GA muscle was significantly decreased (PÂ <Â 0.05) and elabela, another Apj endogenous ligand, tended to show a nonâsignificant decrease at 12Â weeks after nephrectomy. Administration of ASTâ120 inhibited the decline of muscle weight and increase of atroginâ1 and myostatin expression. Apelin and elabela expression was slightly improved by ASTâ120 administration but Apj expression was not, suggesting the involvement of uraemic toxins in endogenous Apj ligand expression. The administration of apelin at 1.0Â ÎŒmol/kg for 4Â weeks to CKD mice suppressed the increase of atroginâ1 and myostatin, increased apelin and Apj mRNA expression at 30Â min after apelin administration and significantly ameliorated weight loss and a decrease of the crossâsectional area of hindlimb skeletal muscle. Conclusions This study demonstrated for the first time the association of the Apj endogenous ligandâuraemic toxin axis with skeletal muscle atrophy in CKD and the utility of therapeutic targeting of the apelinâApj system
Efficacy and Safety of Daptomycin versus Vancomycin for Bacteremia Caused by Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus</i> <i>aureus</i> with Vancomycin Minimum Inhibitory Concentration > 1 ”g/mL: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis compares the efficacy of daptomycin and vancomycin in adult patients with bacteremia by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) > 1 ”g/mL. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases on 12 May 2020. All-cause mortality (primary outcome) and treatment success rates were compared and subgroups stratified by infection source risk level and method of vancomycin susceptibility testing were also analyzed. Seven studies (n = 907 patients) were included in this efficacy analysis. Compared with vancomycin, daptomycin treatment was associated with significantly lower mortality (six studies, odds ratio (OR) 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29â0.98) and higher treatment success (six studies, OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.63â2.96), which was consistent regardless of the vancomycin MIC test method used. For intermediate-risk sources, daptomycin was a factor increasing treatment success compared with vancomycin (OR 4.40, 95% CI 2.06â9.40), and it exhibited a trend toward a higher treatment success rate for high-risk sources. In conclusion, daptomycin should be considered for the treatment of bacteremia caused by MRSA with vancomycin MIC > 1 ”g/mL, especially in patients with intermediate- and high-risk bacteremia sources
Efficacy and Safety of Daptomycin versus Vancomycin for Bacteremia Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus with Vancomycin Minimum Inhibitory Concentration > 1 µg/mL: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis compares the efficacy of daptomycin and vancomycin in adult patients with bacteremia by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) > 1 µg/mL. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases on 12 May 2020. All-cause mortality (primary outcome) and treatment success rates were compared and subgroups stratified by infection source risk level and method of vancomycin susceptibility testing were also analyzed. Seven studies (n = 907 patients) were included in this efficacy analysis. Compared with vancomycin, daptomycin treatment was associated with significantly lower mortality (six studies, odds ratio (OR) 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29–0.98) and higher treatment success (six studies, OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.63–2.96), which was consistent regardless of the vancomycin MIC test method used. For intermediate-risk sources, daptomycin was a factor increasing treatment success compared with vancomycin (OR 4.40, 95% CI 2.06–9.40), and it exhibited a trend toward a higher treatment success rate for high-risk sources. In conclusion, daptomycin should be considered for the treatment of bacteremia caused by MRSA with vancomycin MIC > 1 µg/mL, especially in patients with intermediate- and high-risk bacteremia sources