Neuropathological changes in dorsal root ganglia induced by pyridoxine in dogs

Pyridoxine (PDX; vitamin B6), is an essential vitamin. PDX deficiency induces various symptoms, and when PDX is misused it acts as a neurotoxicant, inducing severe sensory neuropathy. To assess the possibility of creating a reversible sensory neuropathy model using dogs, 150 mg/kg of PDX was injected subcutaneously into dogs for 7 days and body weight measurements, postural reaction assessments, and electrophysiological recordings were obtained. In addition, the morphology of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and changes in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactive satellite glial cells and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) immunoreactive microglia/macrophages were assessed at 1 day, 1 week, and 4 weeks after the last PDX treatment. During the administration period, body weight and proprioceptive losses occurred. One day after the last PDX treatment, electrophysiological recordings showed the absence of the H-reflex in the treated dogs. These phenomena persisted over the four post-treatment weeks, with the exception of body weight which recovered to the pre-treatment level. Staining (CV and HE) results revealed significant losses of large-sized neurons in the DRG at 1 day and 1 week after PDX treatment cessation, but the losses were recovered at 4 weeks post-treatment. The Iba-1 and GFAP immunohistochemistry results showed pronounced increases in reactive microglia/macrophage and satellite glial cell at 1 day and 1 week, respectively, after the last PDX treatment, and thereafter, immunoreactivity decreased with increasing time after PDX treatment. The results suggest that PDX-induced neuropathy is reversible in dogs; thus, dogs can be considered a good experimental model for research on neuropathy.This work was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Sci‑ ence, ICT & Future Planning (NRF-2017R1A1A1A05000762). The funding body played no role in the design and interpretation of the experiments. The found‑ ing sponsors had no role in the study design, performance, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation/writing of the manuscript

Experimental-based energy performance evaluation of low-cost retrofit strategy for aging low-rise residential building for carbon neutrality

The CO2 reduction policy has driven the remodeling policy to reduce the energy consumption of buildings, which can be implemented by insulating and replacing windows to reduce the energy consumption of buildings. However, due to energy poverty, many residents have limited opportunities for these projects. Therefore, economically accessible technologies were evaluated in this study. Specifically, practical technologies were applied and evaluated in practice, and a survey of 107 households was conducted to analyze the behavior of energy consumption behavior in the residential areas with buildings. The airtight performance of the window was improved by approximately 15% without replacing it, and energy consumption was reduced by 25%. In the case of electric energy consumption, the use of high-efficiency lighting showed the most direct reduction. However, the introduction of renewable energy into buildings that are not insulated can contribute to relative climate-dependent reductions, but whether direct reductions are possible needs to be examined more closely. Relatively inexpensive technologies have improved insulation performance and have a shorter payback period compared to window replacement, further solidifying economic feasibility

A Reconfigurable Phased Array Architecture with Reduced RF Ports Based on Software-Defined Radio for beyond 5G Applications

This paper presents a software-defined phased array architecture using two-port half-loop antenna topology for 5G and beyond applications. The proposed architecture is exemplified as directivity, beam-steering and polarization reconfigurable phased arrays based on pre-defined weighting vector matrix in 28GHz spectrum. The 2× 2 two-port half-loop antenna is designed using a low temperature cofired ceramic process to verify the feasibility of the proposed concept. The proposed concept features multiple polarizations and a half of the spherical beamforming coverage which are selected from infinite theoretically available modes and the fabricated model is experimentally verified.1