111 research outputs found
TransFOR
The dialogue is not idealistic or theoretical. It\u27s a step-by-step modification. I think of it as a sequence or series of small episodes. These small episodes are of great help to the self-growth of the work. They reveal that my idea at the beginning is different from the finished piece. And, most important, the process can neither be predicted nor copied. This makes the work unique and authentic
CLEAN-EVAL: Clean Evaluation on Contaminated Large Language Models
We are currently in an era of fierce competition among various large language
models (LLMs) continuously pushing the boundaries of benchmark performance.
However, genuinely assessing the capabilities of these LLMs has become a
challenging and critical issue due to potential data contamination, and it
wastes dozens of time and effort for researchers and engineers to download and
try those contaminated models. To save our precious time, we propose a novel
and useful method, Clean-Eval, which mitigates the issue of data contamination
and evaluates the LLMs in a cleaner manner. Clean-Eval employs an LLM to
paraphrase and back-translate the contaminated data into a candidate set,
generating expressions with the same meaning but in different surface forms. A
semantic detector is then used to filter the generated low-quality samples to
narrow down this candidate set. The best candidate is finally selected from
this set based on the BLEURT score. According to human assessment, this best
candidate is semantically similar to the original contamination data but
expressed differently. All candidates can form a new benchmark to evaluate the
model. Our experiments illustrate that Clean-Eval substantially restores the
actual evaluation results on contaminated LLMs under both few-shot learning and
fine-tuning scenarios
A novel botybirnavirus with a unique satellite dsRNA causes latent infection in Didymella theifolia isolated from tea plants
© 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/The unique, recently discovered fungus Didymella theifolia specifically infects local varieties of tea plant Camellia sinensis in China, and therefore, the characterization of its mycoviruses is important. Three double-stranded (ds) RNAs (1, 2, and 3, with 6,338, 5,910, and 727 bp in size, respectively) were identified in the avirulent D. theifolia strain CJP4-1, which exhibits normal growth and morphology. Characterization of these double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) revealed that the two largest elements are the genomic components of a novel botybirnavirus, tentatively named Didymella theifolia botybirnavirus 1 (DtBRV1). Conversely, dsRNA3 shares no detectable similarity with sequences deposited in public databases but has high similarity with the 5′-terminal regions of dsRNAs 1 and 2 and contains a duplicated region encoding a putative small peptide. All three dsRNAs are encapsidated in isometric virions ca. 40 nm in diameter, supporting the notion that dsRNA3 is a DtBRV1 satellite. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in combination with peptide mass fingerprint analysis revealed that the DtBRV1 capsid protein consists of polypeptides encoded by the 5′-terminal regions of both genomic components dsRNA1 and dsRNA2. Vertical transmission of DtBRV1 through conidia is efficient, while its horizontal transmission from CJP4-1 to other strains was not detected. DtBRV1, with or without dsRNA3, has no obvious effects on fungal growth and virulence, as illustrated following transfection of the virulent D. theifolia strain JYC1-6. In summary, DtBRV1 exhibits unique molecular traits and contributes to our understanding of mycovirus diversity.Peer reviewe
Advances in the application of co-culture strategies in organoids
As a good in vitro research model, organoids are more and more widely used in the biomedical field. By developing self-assembled 3D structures using various tissue culture techniques, organoids can rebuild the high complexity of cells in the inherent structure of the organ, and are therefore unanimously used to study mechanisms regulating body development and disease, high-throughput drug screening, and personalized treatment and so on. To better recapitulate cell-to-cell interactions within the microenvironment, co-culture strategies have been extended to more cell types, and their rapid development offers broader prospects for organoids and paves the way for the treatment of human diseases and regenerative medicine. This review discussed the role of co-culture strategies in organoid generation, and focused on the application of various cellular components and microorganisms in organoid construction, thereby providing reference and help for scholars to construct and develop organoids with a higher degree of in vivo simulation
RealDex: Towards Human-like Grasping for Robotic Dexterous Hand
In this paper, we introduce RealDex, a pioneering dataset capturing authentic
dexterous hand grasping motions infused with human behavioral patterns,
enriched by multi-view and multimodal visual data. Utilizing a teleoperation
system, we seamlessly synchronize human-robot hand poses in real time. This
collection of human-like motions is crucial for training dexterous hands to
mimic human movements more naturally and precisely. RealDex holds immense
promise in advancing humanoid robot for automated perception, cognition, and
manipulation in real-world scenarios. Moreover, we introduce a cutting-edge
dexterous grasping motion generation framework, which aligns with human
experience and enhances real-world applicability through effectively utilizing
Multimodal Large Language Models. Extensive experiments have demonstrated the
superior performance of our method on RealDex and other open datasets. The
complete dataset and code will be made available upon the publication of this
work
Crosstalk between microbial biofilms in the gastrointestinal tract and chronic mucosa diseases
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the largest reservoir of microbiota in the human body; however, it is still challenging to estimate the distribution and life patterns of microbes. Biofilm, as the predominant form in the microbial ecosystem, serves ideally to connect intestinal flora, molecules, and host mucosa cells. It gives bacteria the capacity to inhabit ecological niches, communicate with host cells, and withstand environmental stresses. This study intends to evaluate the connection between GI tract biofilms and chronic mucosa diseases such as chronic gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancer. In each disease, we summarize the representative biofilm makers including Helicobacter pylori, adherent-invasive Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. We address biofilm’s role in causing inflammation and the pro-carcinogenic stage in addition to discussing the typical resistance, persistence, and recurrence mechanisms seen in vitro. Biofilms may serve as a new biomarker for endoscopic and pathologic detection of gastrointestinal disease and suppression, which may be a useful addition to the present therapy strategy
The aging lung: microenvironment, mechanisms, and diseases
With the development of global social economy and the deepening of the aging population, diseases related to aging have received increasing attention. The pathogenesis of many respiratory diseases remains unclear, and lung aging is an independent risk factor for respiratory diseases. The aging mechanism of the lung may be involved in the occurrence and development of respiratory diseases. Aging-induced immune, oxidative stress, inflammation, and telomere changes can directly induce and promote the occurrence and development of lung aging. Meanwhile, the occurrence of lung aging also further aggravates the immune stress and inflammatory response of respiratory diseases; the two mutually affect each other and promote the development of respiratory diseases. Explaining the mechanism and treatment direction of these respiratory diseases from the perspective of lung aging will be a new idea and research field. This review summarizes the changes in pulmonary microenvironment, metabolic mechanisms, and the progression of respiratory diseases associated with aging
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