LoRA-SP: Streamlined Partial Parameter Adaptation for Resource-Efficient Fine-Tuning of Large Language Models

In addressing the computational and memory demands of fine-tuning Large Language Models(LLMs), we propose LoRA-SP(Streamlined Partial Parameter Adaptation), a novel approach utilizing randomized half-selective parameter freezing within the Low-Rank Adaptation(LoRA)framework. This method efficiently balances pre-trained knowledge retention and adaptability for task-specific optimizations. Through a randomized mechanism, LoRA-SP determines which parameters to update or freeze, significantly reducing computational and memory requirements without compromising model performance. We evaluated LoRA-SP across several benchmark NLP tasks, demonstrating its ability to achieve competitive performance with substantially lower resource consumption compared to traditional full-parameter fine-tuning and other parameter-efficient techniques. LoRA-SP innovative approach not only facilitates the deployment of advanced NLP models in resource-limited settings but also opens new research avenues into effective and efficient model adaptation strategies

Tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer: maturation and induction

Tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) is an ectopic lymphocyte aggregate formed in peripheral non-lymphoid tissues, including inflamed or cancerous tissue. Tumor-associated TLS serves as a prominent center of antigen presentation and adaptive immune activation within the periphery, which has exhibited positive prognostic value in various cancers. In recent years, the concept of maturity regarding TLS has been proposed and mature TLS, characterized by well-developed germinal centers, exhibits a more potent tumor-suppressive capacity with stronger significance. Meanwhile, more and more evidence showed that TLS can be induced by therapeutic interventions during cancer treatments. Thus, the evaluation of TLS maturity and the therapeutic interventions that induce its formation are critical issues in current TLS research. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of the existing classifications for TLS maturity and therapeutic strategies capable of inducing its formation in tumors

Practical Applications of Advanced Cloud Services and Generative AI Systems in Medical Image Analysis

The medical field is one of the important fields in the application of artificial intelligence technology. With the explosive growth and diversification of medical data, as well as the continuous improvement of medical needs and challenges, artificial intelligence technology is playing an increasingly important role in the medical field. Artificial intelligence technologies represented by computer vision, natural language processing, and machine learning have been widely penetrated into diverse scenarios such as medical imaging, health management, medical information, and drug research and development, and have become an important driving force for improving the level and quality of medical services.The article explores the transformative potential of generative AI in medical imaging, emphasizing its ability to generate syntheticACM-2 data, enhance images, aid in anomaly detection, and facilitate image-to-image translation. Despite challenges like model complexity, the applications of generative models in healthcare, including Med-PaLM 2 technology, show promising results. By addressing limitations in dataset size and diversity, these models contribute to more accurate diagnoses and improved patient outcomes. However, ethical considerations and collaboration among stakeholders are essential for responsible implementation. Through experiments leveraging GANs to augment brain tumor MRI datasets, the study demonstrates how generative AI can enhance image quality and diversity, ultimately advancing medical diagnostics and patient care

The caregiving role influences suboptimal health status and psychological symptoms in unpaid carers

Background: Suboptimal Health Status (SHS) is the physical state between health and disease. This study aimed to fill in the knowledge gap by investigating the prevalence of SHS and psychological symptoms among unpaid carers and to identify SHS-risk factors from the perspective of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine (PPPM). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 368 participants who were enrolled from Australia, including 203 unpaid carers as cases and 165 individuals from the general population as controls. SHS scores were measured using SHSQ-25 (Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire-25), whilst psychological symptoms were measured by DASS-21 (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21). Chi-square was used to measure SHS and psychological symptom prevalence. Spearman correlation analysis was utilised to identify the relationship between SHSQ-25 and DASS-21 scores. Logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis. Results: The prevalence of SHS in carers was 43.0% (98/203), significantly higher than the prevalence 12.7% (21/165) in the general population (p \u3c 0.001). In addition, suboptimal health prevalence was higher in female carers (50.3%; 95/189) than females in the general population (12.4%; 18/145). Logistic regression showed that the caregiving role influenced SHS, with carers 6.4 times more likely to suffer from SHS than their non-caring counterparts (aOR = 6.400, 95% CI = 3.751–10.919). Conclusions: Unpaid carers in Australia have a significantly higher prevalence of SHS than that in the general population and experience poorer health. The SHSQ-25 is a powerful tool that can be utilised to screen at-risk individuals to predict their risk of chronic disease development, an essential pillar for shifting the paradigm change from reactive medicine to that of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine (PPPM)

Lattice distortion inducing exciton splitting and coherent quantum beating in CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots

Anisotropic exchange-splitting in semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) results in bright-exciton fine-structure-splitting (FSS) important for quantum information processing. Direct measurement of FSS usually requires single/few QDs at liquid-helium temperatures, because of its sensitivity to QD size and shape, whereas measuring and controlling FSS at an ensemble-level seem to be impossible unless all the dots are made to be nearly the same. Here we report strong bright-exciton FSS up to 1.6 meV in solution-processed CsPbI3 perovskite QDs, manifested as quantum beats in ensemble-level transient absorption at liquid-nitrogen to room temperatures. The splitting is robust to QD size and shape heterogeneity, and increases with decreasing temperature, pointing towards a mechanism associated with orthorhombic distortion of perovskite lattice. Effective-mass-approximation calculations reveal an intrinsic "fine-structure gap" that agrees well with the observed FSS. This gap stems from an avoided crossing of bright-excitons confined in orthorhombically-distorted QDs that are bounded by the pseudocubic {100} family of planes

Unveiling the link between systemic inflammation markers and cognitive performance among older adults in the US: A population-based study using NHANES 2011–2014 data

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the association between systemic inflammation markers and cognitive performance among older US adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed 3,632 older participants from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The main analysis included participants aged over 60 years. Systemic inflammation markers were quantified by calculating the composite inflammation indicators from the blood routine count, and cognitive performance was assessed using Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer\u27s Disease (CERAD) test, Animal Fluency test (AFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST). Results: There were 2,743 individuals enrolled in the current analysis. The overall mean age was 64.9 years and 48.7 % were males. The levels of SIRI and PIV were significant negative associated with scores of CERAD, CERAD delayed recall, and DSST in the unadjusted models. Moreover, SII were significant negative associated with scores of CERAD and CERAD delayed recall. After adjusting the covariates of demographics, lifestyle factors, history of chronic diseases and BMI, significant negative association were observed between systematic inflammation markers and cognitive performance. Additionally, a progressive and significant decrease in the score of cognitive performance assessments with the increased levels of SIRI, SII, and PIV were respectively observed. Finally, the correlation between systemic inflammation markers and cognitive performance were evidenced in the sensitive analysis. Conclusion: Findings support a strong inverse correlation between systemic inflammation markers and cognitive performance, suggesting that addressing inflammation could be a promising avenue for enhancing cognitive health and mitigating age-related cognitive decline

Mechanism of METTL14-mediated ERα m6A regulation of endometrial cancer metastasis

Background and purpose: Aberrant N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification caused by dysregulation of methyltransferase-like factor 14 (METTL14) plays an important role in the progression of various cancers, and it is unclear whether it is involved in the endometrial cancer (EC) progression. This study aimed to investigate the role of aberrant m6A modification caused by dysregulation of METTL14 in EC invasion and metastasis. Methods: Ninety-six EC patients who underwent curative surgery in Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital from 2017 to 2021 were enrolled. RNA (70 pairs) or proteins (10 pairs) were isolated from frozen tissues for real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) or immunoblot analysis to assess METTL14 expression in EC. The expression of METTL14 and its correlation with clinicopathological features of EC were assessed. The biological effects of METTL14 in EC were determined in vitro and in vivo. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) combined with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and following m6A dot blot, MeRIP-RTFQ-PCR, RIP-RTFQ-PCR or dual luciferase reporter assays were employed to screen and validate the candidate targets of METTL14. Results: The mRNA expression and protein levels of METTL14 were significantly downregulated in EC compared with matched adjacent tissues. Compared with the METTL14 high expression group, the METTL14 low expression group had a significant increase in International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, infiltration depth, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastasis and the number of cases of tumor metastasis (P<0.05). Functionally, METTL14 inhibited the proliferation and invasive capacity of EC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, METTL14-mediated demethylation of m6A resulted in post-transcriptional repression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Furthermore, compared with METTL14, ERα induced oncogenic behavior of tumors. Conclusion: METTL14 attenuates ERα expression in EC cells in a m6A-dependent manner, thereby inhibiting tumor metastasis and invasion

Development and Internal Validation of a Novel Nomogram for Predicting Lymph Node Invasion for Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Extended Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection

BACKGROUND: Few studies have focused on the performance of Briganti 2012, Briganti 2017 and MSKCC nomograms in the Chinese population in assessing the risk of lymph node invasion(LNI) in prostate cancer(PCa) patients and identifying patients suitable for extended pelvic lymph node dissection(ePLND). We aimed to develop and validate a novel nomogram based on Chinese PCa patients treated with radical prostatectomy(RP) and ePLND for predicting LNI. METHODS: We retrospectively retrieved clinical data of 631 patients with localized PCa receiving RP and ePLND at a Chinese single tertiary referral center. All patients had detailed biopsy information from experienced uropathologist. Multivariate logistic-regression analyses were performed to identify independent factors associated with LNI. The discrimination accuracy and net-benefit of models were quantified using the area under curve(AUC) and Decision curve analysis(DCA).The nonparametric bootstrapping were used to internal validation. RESULTS: A total of 194(30.7%) patients had LNI. The median number of removed lymph nodes was 13(range, 11-18). In univariable analysis, preoperative prostate-specific antigen(PSA), clinical stage, biopsy Gleason grade group, maximum percentage of single core involvement with highest-grade PCa, percentage of positive cores, percentage of positive cores with highest-grade PCa and percentage of cores with clinically significant cancer on systematic biopsy differed significantly. The multivariable model that included preoperative PSA, clinical stage, biopsy Gleason grade group, maximum percentage of single core involvement with highest-grade PCa and percentage of cores with clinically significant cancer on systematic biopsy represented the basis for the novel nomogram. Based on a 12% cutoff, our results showed that 189(30%) patients could have avoided ePLND while only 9(4.8%) had LNI missing ePLND. Our proposed model achieved the highest AUC (proposed model vs Briganti 2012 vs Briganti 2017 vs MSKCC model: 0.83 vs 0.8 vs 0.8 vs 0.8, respectively) and highest net-benefit CONCLUSION: We developed and validated a nomogram predicting the risk of LNI based on Chinese PCa patients, which demonstrated superior performance compared with previous nomograms

Plasmon-gating photoluminescence in graphene/GeSi quantum dots hybrid structures

The ability to control light-matter interaction is central to several potential applications in lasing, sensing, and communication. Graphene plasmons provide a way of strongly enhancing the interaction and realizing ultrathin optoelectronic devices. Here, we find that photoluminescence (PL) intensities of the graphene/GeSi quantum dots hybrid structures are saturated and quenched under positive and negative voltages at the excitation of 325 nm, respectively. A mechanism called plasmon-gating effect is proposed to reveal the PL dependence of the hybrid structures on the external electric field. On the contrary, the PL intensities at the excitation of 405 and 795 nm of the hybrid structures are quenched due to the charge transfer by tuning the Fermi level of graphene or the blocking of the excitons recombination by excitons separation effect. The results also provide an evidence for the charge transfer mechanism. The plasmon gating effect on the PL provides a new way to control the optical properties of graphene/QD hybrid structures

MAPK1 promotes the metastasis and invasion of gastric cancer as a bidirectional transcription factor

Background: The Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) has both independent functions of phosphorylating histones as a kinase and directly binding the promoter regions of genes to regulate gene expression as a transcription factor. Previous studies have identified elevated expression of MAPK1 in human gastric cancer, which is associated with its role as a kinase, facilitating the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. However, how MAPK1 binds to its target genes as a transcription factor and whether it modulates related gene expressions in gastric cancer remains unclear. Results: Here, we integrated biochemical assays (protein interactions and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)), cellular analysis assays (cell proliferation and migration), RNA sequencing, ChIP sequencing, and clinical analysis to investigate the potential genomic recognition patterns of MAPK1 in a human gastric adenocarcinoma cell-line (AGS) and to uncover its regulatory effect on gastric cancer progression. We confirmed that MAPK1 promotes AGS cells invasion and migration by regulating the target genes in different directions, up-regulating seven target genes (KRT13, KRT6A, KRT81, MYH15, STARD4, SYTL4, and TMEM267) and down-regulating one gene (FGG). Among them, five genes (FGG, MYH15, STARD4, SYTL4, and TMEM267) were first associated with cancer procession, while the other three (KRT81, KRT6A, and KRT13) have previously been confirmed to be related to cancer metastasis and migration. Conclusion: Our data showed that MAPK1 can bind to the promoter regions of these target genes to control their transcription as a bidirectional transcription factor, promoting AGS cell motility and invasion. Our research has expanded the understanding of the regulatory roles of MAPK1, enriched our knowledge of transcription factors, and provided novel candidates for cancer therapeutics