Understanding the Hydrodynamics in a 2-Dimensional Downer by CFD-DEM Simulation

The gas-solid flows in a 2-dimensional downer were simulated using a CFD-DEM method. The predicted macro-scale flow structure had good agreement with the experiments. The distinct clustering phenomena at meso-scale were revealed throughout the downer. Influences of the collision properties of the wall and the particles on the hydrodynamics in downer were investigated

Business Process Management: A Research Overview and Analysis

In this document we describe the formatting requirements for the Proceedings of the AMCIS Conference. Please review this document carefully. You can use this document as a template and copy/paste your paper content here (this might be the best or easiest way). Please be sure to adhere to the formatting requirements as this will be your camera-ready version, and a PDF format will be generated directly from your submitted final Word version. Please note several limitations on length: (1) your abstract should be no more than 150 words, as the abstract will also be used for the conference program, (2) your entire paper should be no more than 5,000 words, including all materials and sections such as figures, tables, and references. This paper length is intended to encourage authors to publish full-length papers in journals or other outlets at a later date

OR-017 Supplementation of Ala-Gln inhibits protein breakdown of skeletal muscle in rats with altitude training through TNF-α/NF-κB/MuRF1 pathway

Objective Objective: To explore the effects of alanyl-glutamine（Ala-Gln）or glutamine（Gln） supplementation on protein metabolism in rat skeletal muscle during simulated altitude training，and compare the intervention of Gln or Ala-Gln to provide the necessary experimental basis for finding nutritional interventions to inhibit skeletal muscle protein degradation during altitude training. Methods Methods: Forty SD rats aged 6 weeks were randomly divided into normoxic control group（NC group，n=10），hypoxic exercise group（HE group， n=10），hypoxic exercise + glutamine + alanine group（HEG group，n=10）， hypoxic exercise + alanyl glutamine group（HEAG group，n=10）. Rats were subjected to 6 weeks of 13.6% hypoxic exposure and 90% lactic acid threshold intensity weight-bearing swimming（load weight of 2.1% of body weight）exercise training，30 minutes after the end of each training，the mixed solution of Ala and Gln was administered according to the dose of 0.75g/Kg body weight in HEG group，and the solution of Ala-Gln was administered in the HEAG group at a dose of 1.5 g/kg body weight. After 6 weeks，the contents of rat skeletal muscle total protein（Pro），myosin heavy chain（Myo），tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α），nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB），NF-κB inhibitory protein α（IkBα），and mRNA expression of muscle atrophy box F gene（MAFbx），muscle ring finger gene 1（MuRF1），and inhibitor of kappa B kinase complex-beta（IKKβ）were measured. Results Results:（1）Compared with NC group，the content of Pro and Myo in skeletal muscle in HE group was significantly decreased（P<0.05，P<0.01），and the mRNA expression of MAFbx and MuRF1 in skeletal muscle was significantly increased（P<0.05，P< 0.01），the levels of TNF-α and NF-κB were significantly increased（P<0.05），the content of IkBα was significantly decreased（P<0.05），and the expression of IKKβ mRNA was significantly increased（P<0.01）. （2）Compared with HE group，the content of Pro and Myo in skeletal muscle in HEG group increased，but there was no significant difference（P>0.05）. The expression of MuRF1 mRNA and the content of TNF-α and NF-κB in skeletal muscle decreased，IkBα content increased，there were no significant difference，but mRNA expression of MAFbx and IKKβ was significantly decreased（P<0.05， P<0.01）. （3）Compared with HE group，the content of Pro and Myo in skeletal muscle in HEAG group increased significantly（P<0.05），mRNA expression of IKKβ，MuRF1 and MAFb（P<0.01）and TNF-α，NF-κB content（P<0.05）in skeletal muscle was significantly decreased，and the IkBα content was significantly increased（P<0.05）. Conclusions Conclusion:（1）Simulated altitude training can activate TNF-α/NF-κB/MuRF1 pathway and enhance the catabolism of skeletal muscle protein，which is one of the important mechanisms for the reduction of skeletal muscle protein content caused by altitude training. （2）Supplementation of Ala-Gln during altitude training can significantly reduce the activation of TNF-α/NF-κB/MuRF1 pathway in skeletal muscle，and reduce the catabolism of skeletal muscle protein during altitude training，which plays a very important role in preventing the loss of skeletal muscle protein caused by altitude training. supplementation of Gln monomer during altitude training has little inhibitory effect on the activation of TNF-α/NF-κB/MuRF1 pathway in skeletal muscle

Effects of food restriction on growth, body composition and gene expression related in regulation of lipid metabolism and food intake in grass carp

It is well known that most fish would prefer to use body lipid stores for energy expenditure when receiving a long-term food restriction. However, the mechanism of this is still not clear. In the present study, a growth experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of food restriction on growth performance, gene expression related in regulation of lipid metabolism and food ingestion in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Four rations, satiation (S), 80% S, 60% S and 40% S, were adopted in this study. Each treatment was randomly assigned to triplicate net cages of 15 fish (177.3 +/- 3.3 g) per cage. The experiment lasted for 49 days at 30.0 +/- 3.0 degrees C. The experimental results showed that a significant increase in feeding rate and weight gain was found in grass carp with the increased ration level. The body lipid and energy content of the grass carp exhibited a significant decrease when receiving food restriction. The transcriptional levels of the genes involved in lipogenesis (srebp-1c, fas, ppar gamma) were down-regulated at the rations of food restriction. The relative expression of hepatic fas (fatty acid synthetase) and srebp-1c (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c) in the fish at satiation were significantly higher than the restricted-fed groups. Similarly, the expressions of hepatic ppar. (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma) in the fish at the ration of satiation and 80% S were significantly higher than the group at the low ration of 40% S. However, the expression of hepatic cpt-1a (carnitine palmitoyl transferase I) involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation in fish was significantly up-regulated when receiving food restriction. Other hepatic lipolysis genes of ppar alpha (peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor alpha) and hl (hepatic lipase) didn&#39;t show any significant changes in restricted-fed fish. The transcriptional levels of hepatic leptin and hypothalamus pomc (proopiomelanocortin) were significantly down-regulated in fish fed with restricted rations. But the hypothalamus npy (neuropeptide Y) and lepr (leptin receptor) had no change. The present results indicated that a long-term food restriction could cause less accumulation of lipid and could be through a way of down-regulating lipogenesis genes and up-regulating lipolysis genes. Long-term restriction could also activate the appetite of grass carp by down-regulating some anorexigenic genes. Statement of relevance: Food restriction for some time could lead to a suitable lipid storage, in case of accumulation of fatty acid profile and lipid, in cultured grass carp. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p