State policy of Russia in the field of transition to an innovative economy in agribusiness

The aim of the article is to analyse the state policy of Russia in the field of transition to an innovative economy in agribusiness. The achievement of the goal set by the authors is carried out as a result of the study of the provisions of regulatory and program documents that establish the foundations of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the scientific, technical and innovative sphere and in the field of agriculture. In conducting the research, the authors used systematic and structural-functional methods of scientific cognition, the method of interpretation of legal norms, as well as the logical method. As a result of the consideration of various directions of state policy in the field of transition to an innovative economy in the field of agribusiness, the authors draw conclusions about the need to take a number of measures aimed at increasing the innovative activity of agricultural organisations, in particular measures of tax incentives in some areas of innovative agricultural production. According to the authors, the proposed measures of state stimulation of innovative activity in agriculture will positively affect the dynamics of the agricultural products market and the agro-industrial sector of the Russian economy

Assessment of the Investment Appeal of Hydropower Construction Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process

The purpose of the paper is description of the method of estimating the investment appeal rate of hydropower construction in the federal subjects. The method is based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). According to the method every federal subject is estimated by the decision-maker. The authors collected data for this study from Russian Federal State Statistics Service, the Federal Subjects Development Programs and the Power Industry Development Programs of the federal subjects (23 indicators). The federal subjects were estimated according to these indicators. As a result of this project every estimated federal subject has status: attractive, relatively attractive and non-attractive for hydropower development. The results can be applied to calculate the economic hydropower potential. The method was tested for detecting the attractive federal subjects of the Volga Federal District, North Caucasian Federal District, Northwestern Federal District, Siberian Federal District for hydropower development

Modeling of Hydrophysical Properties of the Soil as Capillary-Porous Media and Improvement of Mualem-Van Genuchten Method as a Part of Foundation Arrangement Research

Within the concepts about the capillarity and the lognormal distribution of effective pore radii, a theoretical justification for function of differential water capacity and its antiderivative (function of water-retention capacity in form of a dependence of the soil volumetric water content on capillary pressure of the soil moisture) is presented. Using these functions, the ratio of soil hydraulic conductivity function to the filter coefficient is calculated. Approximations to functions describing the water-retention capacity and relative hydraulic conductivity of the soil have been suggested. Parameters of these functions have been interpreted and estimated with applying the physical and statistical indices of the soil

The Classification of Accidental Situations’ Scenarios on Hydropower Plants

The collapse of hydropower plant could lead to significant financial, social and environmental damages. Accordingly the issue of safety and reliability is one of major problems of designing, maintenance and operation. The proposed solution consists in evaluation of implementation frequency of emergencies scenario, which can be defined by suggested classification of accidental situations’ scenarios based on systems analysis to implement incidents on hydropower plants. Emergency scenarios on hydropower plants were proposed to classify by three criteria: the cause, place and characte

Assessment of the Investment Appeal of Hydropower Construction Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process

The purpose of the paper is description of the method of estimating the investment appeal rate of hydropower construction in the federal subjects. The method is based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). According to the method every federal subject is estimated by the decision-maker. The authors collected data for this study from Russian Federal State Statistics Service, the Federal Subjects Development Programs and the Power Industry Development Programs of the federal subjects (23 indicators). The federal subjects were estimated according to these indicators. As a result of this project every estimated federal subject has status: attractive, relatively attractive and non-attractive for hydropower development. The results can be applied to calculate the economic hydropower potential. The method was tested for detecting the attractive federal subjects of the Volga Federal District, North Caucasian Federal District, Northwestern Federal District, Siberian Federal District for hydropower development

Erratum to “Modeling of Hydrophysical Properties of the Soil as Capillary-Porous Media and Improvement of Mualem-Van Genuchten Method as a Part of Foundation Arrangement Research”

International audienceNote sous Cour de cassation (com.), 7 janvier 2014, n° 11-25.635 et 11-26.918 (F-P+B), Association Em Habanim et autre c/ Syndicat des copropriétaires du 188, avenue Victor Hug

Assessment of piRNA biogenesis and function in testicular germ cell tumors and their precursor germ cell neoplasia in situ

Abstract Background Aberrant overexpression of PIWI/piRNA pathway proteins is shown for many types of tumors. Interestingly, these proteins are downregulated in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) compared to normal testis tissues. Here, we used germline and TGCT markers to assess the piRNA biogenesis and function in TGCTs and their precursor germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS). Methods We used small RNA deep sequencing, qRT-PCR, and mining public RNAseq/small RNA-seq datasets to examine PIWI/piRNA gene expression and piRNA biogenesis at four stages of TGCT development: (i) germ cells in healthy testis tissues, (ii) germ cells in testis tissues adjacent to TGCTs, (iii) GCNIS cells and (iv) TGCT cells. To this end, we studied three types of samples: (a) healthy testis, (b) testis tissues adjacent to two types of TGCTs (seminomas and nonseminomas) and containing both germ cells and GCNIS cells, as well as (c) matching TGCT samples. Results Based on our analyses of small RNA-seq data as well as the presence/absence of expression correlation between PIWI/piRNA pathway genes and germline or TGCT markers, we can suggest that piRNA biogenesis is intact in germ cells present in healthy adult testes, and adjacent to TGCTs. Conversely, GCNIS and TGCT cells were found to lack PIWI/piRNA pathway gene expression and germline-like piRNA biogenesis. However, using an in vitro cell line model, we revealed a possible role for a short PIWIL2/HILI isoform expressed in TGCTs in posttranscriptional regulation of the youngest members of LINE and SINE classes of transposable elements. Importantly, this regulation is also implemented without involvement of germline-like biogenesis of piRNAs. Conclusions Though further studies are warranted, these findings suggest that the conventional germline-like PIWI/piRNA pathway is lost in transition from germ cells to GCNIS cells

Small RNA F6 Provides <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> Entry into Dormancy

Regulatory small non-coding RNAs play a significant role in bacterial adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Various stresses such as hypoxia and nutrient starvation cause a reduction in the metabolic activity of Mycobacterium smegmatis, leading to entry into dormancy. We investigated the functional role of F6, a small RNA of M. smegmatis, and constructed an F6 deletion strain of M. smegmatis. Using the RNA-seq approach, we demonstrated that gene expression changes that accompany F6 deletion contributed to bacterial resistance against oxidative stress. We also found that F6 directly interacted with 5′-UTR of MSMEG_4640 mRNA encoding RpfE2, a resuscitation-promoting factor, which led to the downregulation of RpfE2 expression. The F6 deletion strain was characterized by the reduced ability to enter into dormancy (non-culturability) in the potassium deficiency model compared to the wild-type strain, indicating that F6 significantly contributes to bacterial adaptation to non-optimal growth conditions

Small RNA MTS1338 Configures a Stress Resistance Signature in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>

In the course of evolution, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the etiological agent of tuberculosis, has developed sophisticated strategies to evade host immune response, including the synthesis of small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs), which regulate post-transcriptional pathways involved in the stress adaptation of mycobacteria. sRNA MTS1338 is upregulated in Mtb during its infection of cultured macrophages and in the model of chronic tuberculosis, suggesting involvement in host–pathogen interactions. Here, we analyzed the role of MTS1338 in the Mtb response to macrophage-like stresses in vitro. The Mtb strain overexpressing MTS1338 demonstrated enhanced survival ability under low pH, nitrosative, and oxidative stress conditions simulating the antimicrobial environment inside macrophages. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that in MTS1338-overexpressing Mtb, the stress factors led to the activation of a number of transcriptional regulators, toxin–antitoxin modules, and stress chaperones, about half of which coincided with the genes induced in Mtb phagocytosed by macrophages. We determined the MTS1338 “core regulon”, consisting of 11 genes that were activated in all conditions under MTS1338 overexpression. Our findings indicate that MTS1338 is a stress-induced sRNA that promotes Mtb survival in macrophages by triggering adaptive transcriptional mechanisms in response to host antimicrobial defense reactions