“Transmantle sign”を示す限局性皮質異形成における神経細胞の成熟と分化の未熟性：層特異的マーカー発現による解析

Transmantle dysplasia is a rare type of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) characterized by expansion of the cortex from the deep white matter to the surface and in which there is a FCD IIA or IIB pathologic pattern. To characterize possible mechanisms underlying this regional disorder of radial migrating cells, we studied the expression patterns of neocortical layer-specific markers using immunohistochemistry in surgical specimens from 5 FCD IIA and 4 FCD IIB cases in children. All neuronal cells expressed the mature neuron marker MAP2/2B but not the microglia markers Iba-1 and CD68. Some layer-specific markers showed distinct expression patterns. TBR1-positive, SATB2-positive, and FOXP1-positive cells were diffusely distributed in the cortex and/or the white matter. TBR1-positive and FOXP1-positive cells were generally more numerous in FCD IIB than in FCD IIA and were mostly in the cortical molecular and upper layers. FOXP1-, FOXP2-, and CUTL1-positive cells also expressed the immature neuron marker, Nestin/PROX1, whereas TBR1-, CTIP2-, and SATB2-positive cells only expressed MAP2/2B. These data highlight differences between FCD IIB and FCD IIA with more cells having the immature marker in upper layer markers in the former. By analyzing layer-specific marker expression patterns, we identified apparent neuronal maturation differences between FCD IIA and FCD IIB in cases of transmantle dysplasia.博士（医学）・乙第1312号・平成25年5月29

Synthesis and Electrical Properties of Cation Deficient Perovskite-type Oxides in the Ln-A-Ti-AI-0 System (Ln = La, Nd;A=Ca, Sr).

The effects of ion vacancy on the crystal structure and the electrical conductivity of perovskite-type oxides were investigated. The cation and oxide ion deficient perovskite-type oxides LnA2-xTi2AlO9-d(Ln=La, Nd;A=Ca, Sr) were synthesized. Single-phase samples of LnA2-xTi2AlO9-d were prepared by heating at 1673 K in air in the compositional range of x=0-0.3 for both A = Ca and Sr. The crystal structures were cubic perovskite-type for A = Sr and orthorhombic perovskite-type for A=Ca. Lattice parameters of LnA2-xTi2AlO9-d increased with increasing amounts of A cation vacancies. All the samples exhibited semiconducting behavior in the temperature range of 573-1023 K in air. The measurements of conductivity for LnA2-xTi2AlO9-d as a function of oxygen partial pressure revealed n-type conductivity at oxygen partial pressure less than 0.21 arm. The conductivities of LnA2-xTi2AlO9-d increased with increasing amount of A cation and oxide ion vacancies for both A=Ca and Sr

Successful long-term management for postoperative sternal infection with multiple disseminated lymphadenitis caused by Mycobacterium abscessus

Abstract Background Postoperative sternal infection caused by Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) is rare, but associated with a high 2-year mortality rate of 40%. Decision-making around treatment strategy is challenging. Here, we present a successfully treated case of postoperative M. abscessus sternal infection with multiple disseminated lymphadenitis. Case presentation The patient, an 80-year-old woman with anterior mediastinal tumor and myasthenia gravis, underwent extended thymectomy under median sternotomy. Redness appeared around the scar two months after the operation. Sternal wires were removed, debridement was performed, and the wound was kept open. Mycobacterium abscessus was isolated from the wound culture. The disseminated lesions in the right axillary, parasternal, and bilateral supraclavicular lymph nodes, rendered surgical options for infection control difficult; therefore, she was treated conservatively with antibiotics and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). The wound diminished but infectious granulation tissue remained after NPWT. Two disseminated lesions were percutaneously punctured and drained of pus, which resulted in negative cultures. Additional debridement and wound closure were performed. She was discharged after switching to oral antibiotics. No recurrence was observed five months after the antibiotics were completed (total sensitive antibiotics use: 366 days). Conclusions Repeated culture assessment of disseminated lesions is recommended to facilitate the development of appropriate therapeutic strategies. Localized procedures may be an option for patients with controlled disseminated lesions evidenced by negative cultures