15 research outputs found
No evidence for a recent genetic bottleneck in the endangered Sheko cattle breed (African Bos taurus) revealed by microsatellite analysis
Sheko is African taurine cattle, valued for its milk yield, adaptation to humid tsetse infested environment and trypanotolerance. We used 30 microsatellite markers in analyzing 30 DNA samples. We found high genetic diversity and no genetic bottlenecks in endangered Sheko cattle. Sheko cattle have not undergone recent genetic bottlenecks, in spite of drastic reduction in its overall demographic population size. The results were supported by three statistical methods: 
(i) detection of heterozygosity excess 
(ii) a mode-shift indicator of allele distribution pattern 
(iii) the ratio of the number of alleles to the range of allele size, M-ratio test. This breed reflects historical and cultural identity of local communities and represents a unique component of the global domestic animal biodiversity that deserve priority for conservation
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èŠãããããšã瀺ãããThe swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) provides a major source of draft power in cultivating rice farms and has great potential for meat, milk, and hide sources, particularly to smallhold farmers. To date, there is limited published information on mtDNA D-loop sequence variation, genetic divergence, and genetic relationship between the Philippine carabao and other swamp buffalo populations in Asia. Thus, the objective of the study is to determine the phylogenetic relationship among the swamp buffalo populations with Asiatic origins. Dataset construction and data analyses were performed from 307-bp of 367 mtDNA D-loop sequences of swamp buffaloes from the Philippines and Asian countries which were retrieved from NCBI GenBank. The research findings highlighted the genetic relationship among the modern Asian swamp buffalo populations and could be explained in two points : First, the Philippine carabao (native swamp buffalo), particularly the Visayas and Mindanao populations, had the closest affinity to Taiwan swamp buffalo population based on the low pair-wise distance (FST), and, second, the Chinese swamp buffalo could be the ancestral population of the modern population of the swamp buffaloes in Asia, as inferred by mtDNA haplotype phylogenetic tree. The results of this research agreed with the hypothesis of Lau et al. 1998 that after the domestication in the China region, the domesticated swamp buffalo spread with rice farming into Taiwan to the Philippines and the eastern islands of Borneo and Sulawesi. This study revealed that native buffaloes in the Philippines have various genes of buffaloes of which numbers are declining in Southeast Asian countries and showed that it is necessary to conserve and maintain them as valuable genetic resources while utilizing them in the Philippines
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ããããåãå·»ã人åŽã®èŠå ã«ãã,çšåºŠãåéå£ã®åäœãç°ãªãããšãæãããšãªã£ããShamo is a breed of Japanese native chicken that has been used to establish various modern Japanese native breeds. However, genetic relationships among the breeds derived from the Shamo and their genetic population structure is unclear. In this study, microsatellite DNA polymorphisms were used to analyze the genetic relationship among Shamo and its related breeds. A total of 122 individuals of six breeds (nine populations), Shamo, Ko-Shamo, Hinai-dori, Koeyoshi, Satsuma-dori, and Chabo, were used for the analyses of the 28 loci recommended by ISAG/FAO. In the results, low genetic diversity was observed even in the breeds established by crossbreeding, because of artificial selection and maintenance of these breeds. In particular, the Koeyoshi, which had 12 monomorphic loci, demonstrated the lowest diversity amongst the six breeds. Genetic relationships of these populations were supported by the established theories of their genetic histories. In the phylogenetic tree analysis, local populations of the same breeds were located in the same cluster. However, the star-like topology of the DA tree showed a high and significant genetic differentiation in each population with the exception of two local populations of the Chabo. The degree of genetic differentiation was estimated from local populations of Shamo, Satsuma-dori, and Chabo. A high and significant genetic differentiation was observed in two local populations of the Shamo. In addition, in the Chabo, no genetic differentiation was observed, not only between local populations but also amongst plumage variations. In the Satsuma-dori, differentiations were observed among local populations and plumage variation. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the degree of genetic differentiation and the unit of population segmentation were influenced by the manner in which the breeds are managed and human factors
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ã¯æ¡åå°éã§éºäŒçå·®ç°ãçããŠããããšãæãããšãªã£ããThe genetic relationships between the Jidori, Shokoku and their related breeds, and their genetic population structure are unclear. In this study, microsatellite DNA polymorphisms were used to analyze the genetic relationships and structure among Jidori, Shokoku, and related breeds. A total of 136 individuals of seven breeds, Aizu-Jidori, Gifu-Jidori, Tosa-Jidori, Shokoku, Onagadori, Totenko, and Tomaru, were used in the analyses of the 28 microsatellite loci. High genetic diversity was observed in Shokoku and related breeds. In contrast, low genetic diversity was observed in the Tomaru and Jidori breeds, except in the Aizu-Jidori. A high and positive F_IS value indicating high inbreeding was also detected in Shokoku-related breeds. Among long-crowing breeds, Totenko showed high genetic diversity, but Tomaru showed low genetic diversity. The pairwise F_ST values estimated among breeds were high and significant. In the phylogenetic tree analysis, Shokoku, Onagadori, and Totenko were located in the same cluster in the D_A and D_AS trees. In contrast, three Jidori breeds and Tomaru were clearly separated in each tree. The structure analysis supports the topology of D_AS tree and reveals genetic differentiation among sampling locations in the Shokoku-related breeds as Shokoku, Onagadori and Totenko
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ã®çšåºŠã«å·®ãã¿ããããçœè²ã¬ã°ãã³ãé€ã6åçš®ã®æç«ã«ã³ãŒãã³ãé¢äžããŠããã,ãããã®åçš®ã¯DA系統暹ã«ãããŠæ確ãªã¯ã©ã¹ã¿ãŒã圢æããªãã£ã ããã®ããšããæ¥æ¬é¶å®çšåçš®ããã³æ¬§ç±³åçšåçš®ã¯,ãã®éºäŒçèæ¯ã«ãã倧ãã2矀ã«åãã,ããã«åçš®æç«åŸã®éžæãç¶æã®éçšã§éºäŒçååãçãããã®ãšèãããããMicrosatellite DNA polymorphisms of three populations of Japanese meat- type chicken breed (Nagoya, Kumamoto, and Amakusa-Daiou) and five populations of foreign commercial breeds (two populations of White Leghorn, broiler [Chunky], Barred Plymouth Rock, and Rhode Island Red) were analyzed to determine their genetic diversity within populations and relationships among populations. Although high genetic diversity was observed in Amakusa-Daiou, significant inbreeding (positive FIS value) was also observed. The current breed of Amakusa- Daiou was reconstructed from three breeds. Therefore, it is considered that their high genetic diversity was derived from those breeds. However, inbreeding also occurred during the process of reconstruction of Amakusa-Daiou. In contrast, inbreeding was not detected in Nagoya and Kumamoto, which have been maintained for a long time as a large-size population after reconstruction. Foreign commercial breeds showed different degrees of genetic diversity and inbreeding according to their purpose (ex. egg, meat and dual purpose), population size and strain. However, Cochin (traditional meat-type breed originally from China) contributed to most of the current meat-type chicken breeds including Japanese and foreign breeds (six breeds except White Leghorn analyzed in this study). These breeds were not included in the same cluster in phylogenetic tree analysis. The topology of this phylogenetic tree demonstrated two major genetic backgrounds and high genetic differentiation with artificial selection and process of maintaining populations subsequent to construction and reconstruction of breeds
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šåäœãã²ãšã€ã®ã¯ã©ã¹ã¿ãŒã«å«ãŸããçµæãšãªã£ããJapanese native chickens are valuable genetic resource in Japan ; however, their low productivity limits their industrial use and forces dependence on a personal breeder for their maintenance. To conserve these breeds, it is important to clarify their genetic diversity, relationships, and structure. In this study, microsatellite DNA polymorphisms were used to analyze the genetic relationships and structure among ornamental breeds of Japanese native chickens. A total of 125 individuals of seven breeds, Kurokashiwa, Minohiki, Minohiki-Chabo, Uzura-Chabo, Ukokkei, Chahn, and Issun-Chahn were used in analyses of 28 microsatellite loci recommended by ISAG/FAO. The results showed that ornamental breeds maintained by private breeders showed the same level of genetic diversity compared with populations maintained by institutes or breeding stations. Despite high genetic diversity, significant positive FIS values indicating high inbreeding were estimated for all seven breeds analyzed in this study. Furthermore, genetic differentiation among sampling locations was observed in Minohiki, Minohiki-Chabo, and Ukokkei. While sub-clustered structure was observed in the DAS tree for these three breeds, in Uzura-Chabo, genetic differentiation was not observed and all specimens (including those from different sampling locations) were included in the same cluster
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èŠã§ãããšèãããããRyujin-Jidori is one of the Japanese native chicken breeds kept in Ryujin village in Wakayama prefecture. Recently, a reduction in population size and in genetic diversity were detected in this breed. In this study, ISAG/FAO recommended 30 microsatellite markers be used to investigate temporal change in genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among Ryujin-Jidori and other Japanese native chicken breeds. The Ryujin-Jidori samples were collected in 1994 (n=12) and 2007 (two populations, n=18, 7), respectively. In this analysis, twelve monomorphic loci were observed. Allele loss at five loci and shift of major allele (allele frequency>0.5) at six loci were also observed. In other loci, number of alleles ranged from two to three. Mean number of alleles (MNA) and average expected heterozygosity (H^E) of Ryujin-Jidori populations were lower than previously reported in other Japanese native chicken breeds. No significant difference in MNA was observed between the two Ryujin-Jidori populations. However, a temporal decrease over time in H^E was observed. On the neighbor joining dendrogram based on D^A genetic distance, the Ryujin-Jidori populations were sepa- rated from all other breeds (Gifu-Jidori, Tosa-Jidori, Shokoku and Shamo) with robust bootstrap value. Therefore, it is suggested that Ryujin-Jidori is a unique and valuable genetic resource for Wakayama prefecture. However, to keep Ryujin-Jidori in small population could lead to an affect of genetic drift, intensify inbreeding and decrease genetic diversity
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ãæè²æã®ããã®PDCAãµã€ã¯ã«åã«å€§ãã«åœ¹ç«ã€ãšèãããããA questionnaire based on free description was conducted with the aim of clarifying the features of âpositive characteristics of the agricultural training courseâ that students felt through participating in agricultural training held outside the campus as part of âStudies for agricultural career designâ, held at the Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture. The obtained responses were typed up and analyzed by text-mining method and multivariate analysis of the quantification theory type 3 was demonstrated on converted category (1/0) data based on the appearance of extracted nouns in answerersâ responses. As results, 3 axes including 1 axis where the mean value of the score according to the classification of the promoter mediating agricultural training courses significantly differed, were calculated. According to these results, the âpositive characteristics of the agricultural training coursesâ that students felt, were might be summarized as the experience of âpersonâ and âfarmerâ. It was also thought that these components could be interpreted as what expected of an agricultural experience program by the agriculture-minded young. In conclusion, findings in this study could be utilized as information sharing and communication tools in the training place for improvements in training contents, and would be useful for PDCA cycling, such as helping the match between students and training places, in developing agricultural human resources