Bilateral male breast cancer with male potential hypogonadism

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Male breast cancer is a comparatively rare disease, and simultaneous bilateral male breast cancer is considered to be an extremely rare event. Risk factors are said to be genetic factors and hormonal abnormalities due to obesity or testicular diseases.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>The patient was a 47-year-old Japanese male. His family had no history of female breast cancer. This patient also had hypospadias and hormonal examination indicated the presence of primary testicular potential hypogonadism, and these hormonal abnormalities seemed to be present since childhood or the fetal period. The bilateral breast cancer developed in this man at a comparatively young age, and histopathological studies of multiple sections showed that there was almost no normal epithelial cell in the ducts, while the ducts were almost completely filled with breast cancer cells.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>It is thought that male breast cancer is caused by an imbalance between estrogen and testosterone. We cannot rule out the possibility that the breast cancer developed due to the effect of the slight elevation of estrogen over a long period of time, but the actual causative factors in this patient were unable to be definitively identified. In the future, we hope to further elucidate the causes of male breast cancer.</p

A case of matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast

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Novel bronchofiberscopic catheter spray device allows effective anesthetic spray and sputum suctioning

AbstractStudy objectives: To evaluate how serum lidocaine concentrations (SLC) rise when lidocaine is administered by a Bronchofiberscopic Catheter Spray Device (BCSD), and to demonstrate the effect on the aspiration speed of a substitute for sputum when a catheter spray remains in the channel of the bronchofiberscope (BF).Methods: This is a prospective randomized clinical study. After lidocaine ultrasonic nebulizer, the BF was inserted orally. During the procedure patients received 4% lidocaine by two methods. In Group 1, 11 patients received lidocaine by bronchofiberscopic (BF) injection. In Group 2, 15 patients received lidocaine by spraying from the ∅1.06mm catheter through the BF channel. SLC were measured at 40min from onset of nebulization. Separately, we examined how effectively sputum was aspirated through the BF channel with a catheter.Results: Total lidocaine dose (TLD) is the total dose used for nebulization and for the BF injection or spray. The TLD for Groups 1 and 2 were 698.2±162.1mg (mean±sd) and 498.7±103.8mg, respectively (P=0.03). The SLC for Groups 1 and 2 were 1.28±0.72 and 1.48±0.70mg/l, respectively (P=0.49).Conclusions: Using BCSD allows easier in administration of lidocaine and is not associated with a significant increase in SLC in comparison with BF injection. Although sputum aspiration using the BF inserted with our catheter was somewhat slow, we did not feel inconvenient so much. Compared to the conventional method, using BCSD may be preferable for patients and bronchoscopists

Effects of pentazocine and concomitant clonidine on opioid receptors in the rat brain.

The changes in opioid receptors (Op-R) caused by repeated administration of pentazocine and the effect of concomitant clonidine were investigated. Binding of [3H] naloxone was markedly decreased in the absence of Na+, but was increased in the presence of Na+ in the diencephalon-mesencephalon of chronic pentazocine-treated rats. No significant changes were observed in the cerebral cortex of pentazocine-treated rats. The pentazocine-induced changes in Op-R were abolished by the concurrent use of clonidine, an alpha-adrenergic agonist, which has been shown to relieve the withdrawal symptoms of morphine. This result indicated that the behavioral action of clonidine can also be observed at the Op-R level.</p

Microfungi associated with withering willow wood in ground contact near Syowa Station, East Antarctica for 40 years

Data are rather lacking on the diversity of microfungi associated with exotic plant substrates transported to continental Antarctica. We examined the diversity and species composition of microfungi associated with withering woody shoots of saplings of Salix spp. (willows) transplanted and in ground contact near Syowa Station, East Antarctica for more than 40 years. The willow saplings originated from Hokkaido, Northern Japan, and were experimentally transplanted in 1967–1968, but died within a few years. Dead willow shoots, unbranched and standing on bare ground for approximately 50 years, were used for the isolation of fungi with the surface disinfection method. A total of 43 isolates were retrieved from 32 (78 %) of the 41 shoots tested. The fungal isolates were classified into 18 molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) based on the similarity of rDNA ITS sequences at the 97 % criterion. Leotiomycetes was the most common class in terms of the number of isolates and MOTUs, followed by Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, and Eurotiomycetes. Molecular phylogenetic affinities suggested that the closest relatives of the MOTUs were saprobic and root-associated fungi. The result of the present study suggested that Cadophora luteo-olivacea is widespread in soils throughout Antarctica and likely indigenous

Diagnosing nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: A case study of two children

AbstractWe describe two children of nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE) diagnosed using carefully observed nocturnal sleep EEGs and detailed patient histories.Case #1, a 14-year-old boy, showed repeated generalized tonic convulsions and frequent eyes opening seizures during sleep. Conventional EEGs – done with the patient awake or in sleep stage I – showed no abnormalities, while a nocturnal sleep EEG – done during in sleep stage II – revealed the repeated, sharp wave bursts predominantly in the right frontal lobe characteristic of NFLE. During these wave bursts, we noticed the boy's eyes opening, although his parents had not been aware this NFLE symptom.Case #2, a 12-year-old boy, showed one daytime generalized convulsion. He had also been suffering from repeated paroxysmal episodes similar to parasomnia – waking up, sitting, walking, screaming, and speaking – which always followed the same patterns lasting several minutes. During the nocturnal sleep EEG, episodes occurred twice, showing abnormal epileptic discharges predominantly in the frontal lobe. His parents did not mention the episodes to us until questioned, as they had recognized them as parasomnia. The previous conventional EEG showed abnormal slow waves in the frontal lobe, which led us to suspect frontal lobe epilepsy and to take a detailed patient history.The frequency and stereotypy of their symptoms during sleep caused us to perform nocturnal sleep EEGs and led us NFLE diagnosis. Detailed patient histories including sleep habits and carefully observed nocturnal sleep EEGs enabled us to recognize these NFLE clinical features

Microfungi associated with standing-dead willow seedlings planted in East Antarctica

第3回極域科学シンポジウム/第34回極域生物シンポジウム 11月27日（火） 国立極地研究所 ３階ラウン

Diversity of fungi associated with mosses in Yukidori Valley, an ASPA of Langhovde

第2回極域科学シンポジウム/第33回極域生物シンポジウム 11月18日（金） 統計数理研究所 3階リフレッシュフロ

The Tokyo Oldest Old Survey on Total Health (TOOTH): A longitudinal cohort study of multidimensional components of health and well-being

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>With the rapid worldwide increase in the oldest old population, considerable concern has arisen about the social and economic burden of diseases and disability in this age group. Understanding of multidimensional structure of health and its life-course trajectory is an essential prerequisite for effective health care delivery. Therefore, we organized an interdisciplinary research team consisting of geriatricians, dentists, psychologists, sociologists, and epidemiologists to conduct a longitudinal observational study.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>For the Tokyo Oldest Old Survey on Total Health (TOOTH) study, a random sample of inhabitants of the city of Tokyo, aged 85 years or older, was drawn from the basic city registry. The baseline comprehensive assessment consists of an in-home interview, a self-administered questionnaire, and a medical/dental examination. To perform a wide variety of biomedical measurements, including carotid ultrasonography and a detailed dental examination, participants were invited to our study center at Keio University Hospital. For those who were not able to visit the study center, we provided the option of a home-based examination, in which participants were simultaneously visited by a geriatrician and a dentist. Of 2875 eligible individuals, a total of 1152 people were recruited, of which 542 completed both the in-home interview and the medical/dental examination, with 442 completed the in-home interview only, and another 168 completed self or proxy-administered data collection only. Carotid ultrasonography was completed in 458 subjects, which was 99.6% of the clinic visitors (n = 460). Masticatory assessment using a colour-changeable chewing gum was completed in 421 subjects, a 91.5% of the clinic visitors.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>Our results demonstrated the feasibility of a new comprehensive study that incorporated non-invasive measurements of subclinical diseases and a detailed dental examination aiming at community-dwelling individuals aged 85 years or older. The bimodal recruitment strategy is critically important to capture a broad range of health profiles among the oldest old. Results form the TOOTH study will help develop new models of health promotion, which are expected to contribute to an improvement in lifelong health and well-being.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>This study has been registered in the UMIN-Clinical Trial Registry (CTR), ID: UMIN000001842.</p