ゼブラフィッシュ視蓋損傷モデルにおける組織再生の分子機構の解析

早大学位記番号:新7850早稲田大

Visualisation of Japanese Nature in Josiah Conder’s Works

Since Japan had opened her ports to the world, the country aggressively assembled Westerner to introduce systems, techniques, and cultures from the West, and those who came Japan studies the unknown country in the Far East and published books. A British architect Josiah Conder (1852-1920) is one of them who tried to reveal Japanese culture. He wrote books about Japanese flowers and flower arrangement in The Flowers of Japan and the Art of Floral Arrangement (1891) and The Floral Art of Japan (1899). In addition, he published Landscape Gardening in Japan (1893) with its companion book Supplement to Landscape Gardening in Japan (1893). This paper is going to focus illustrations and photographs in those books to illuminate Conder’s attempt to discuss Japanese beauty with Western point of view and Japanese artistic sense. His first book about flowers in Japan The Flowers of Japan and The Art of Floral Arrangement adopted Japanese style while its content was written in Western scientific point of view that based on a paper for Asiatic Society of Japan in 1889. The cover of the book was drawn by a popular Japanese woodcut painter and has some coloured Japanese woodcuts by native artists. In Contrast to the first book, Landscape Gardening in Japan contains Western style expressions. He cited pictures by a Japanese Western-style painter instead of woodcuts. He also adopted photographs in Supplement to Landscape Gardening in Japan as he explains them “the most scientific means”. However, these Western style expressions could not be seen in his third book though the contents become more scientific. These shifts of illustrations reflects Conder’s attempt to illuminate possibility of Japanese art and ‘universally accepted art truths’.Theme I : Nature And Desig

Photographic Relationships in James Murdoch’s Ayame-san

James Murdoch (1856-1921) was an English teacher, a journalist and a novelist who wrote books about Japan. This work discusses the pictures in his novel Ayame-san: A Japanese Romance of the 23rd Year of Meiji (1890) (1892) by comparing them with those of his other works published in the same year. It considers the relationships between the pictures and the story, as well as reality and fiction, to reveal Murdoch’s challenges in depicting Japan. William K. Burton (1856-1899), who prepared the pictures, made the acknowledgement statement in the novel. He insisted, ‘So far as I am aware this is the first book that has been illustrated with true half-tone photomechanical reproductions printed with the letter-press’. Since the book contains traditional Japanese style photographs inside, created with the latest technology of the West, it has a strong impression. Unlike the drawings in Murdoch’s other novel From Australia and Japan (1892), the pictures in Ayame-san do not illustrate the story directly. For instance, although the story is a romance between two Western men and Ayame, a Japanese girl, there are only a few pictures that depict a foreigner, and none of them corresponds with the characters. In fact, another work by Murdoch, Sights and Scenes on the Tokaido (1892), includes exactly the same pictures in this work. However, by approaching the photos from a different angle, it is possible to consider that the scenery in the pictures can be seen from the eyes of the characters in the story. Readers enjoy the plot, and they also enjoy what the characters visualise in the Far East. Although the pictures do not embellish the story emotionally like paintings, they provide readers with information that is not written and give depth to their imagination about JapanSession VI : Public Imag