ゼブラフィッシュ視蓋損傷モデルにおける組織再生の分子機構の解析

早大学位記番号:新7850早稲田大

Photographic Relationships in James Murdoch’s Ayame-san

James Murdoch (1856-1921) was an English teacher, a journalist and a novelist who wrote books about Japan. This work discusses the pictures in his novel Ayame-san: A Japanese Romance of the 23rd Year of Meiji (1890) (1892) by comparing them with those of his other works published in the same year. It considers the relationships between the pictures and the story, as well as reality and fiction, to reveal Murdoch’s challenges in depicting Japan. William K. Burton (1856-1899), who prepared the pictures, made the acknowledgement statement in the novel. He insisted, ‘So far as I am aware this is the first book that has been illustrated with true half-tone photomechanical reproductions printed with the letter-press’. Since the book contains traditional Japanese style photographs inside, created with the latest technology of the West, it has a strong impression. Unlike the drawings in Murdoch’s other novel From Australia and Japan (1892), the pictures in Ayame-san do not illustrate the story directly. For instance, although the story is a romance between two Western men and Ayame, a Japanese girl, there are only a few pictures that depict a foreigner, and none of them corresponds with the characters. In fact, another work by Murdoch, Sights and Scenes on the Tokaido (1892), includes exactly the same pictures in this work. However, by approaching the photos from a different angle, it is possible to consider that the scenery in the pictures can be seen from the eyes of the characters in the story. Readers enjoy the plot, and they also enjoy what the characters visualise in the Far East. Although the pictures do not embellish the story emotionally like paintings, they provide readers with information that is not written and give depth to their imagination about JapanSession VI : Public Imag

The Photographic Society of Japan and Photographic Enlightenment from the West

Kazumasa Ogawa learned photography with his eyes fixed on the West, getting to know the latest photographic techniques and making the acquaintance of Japanese students of influential status while he was in the United States. William Burton describes Ogawa’s life as a “Young Japan” who found his way of living by learning the Western technology. The Photographic Society of Japan also developed by interacting the West and it mainly consisted of foreigners and Japanese members of the upper class. They shared photographic knowledge and works regardless of nationality or profession. Western culture was recommended to the aristocracy as something to be learned, as members were expected to be good role models for others. Therefore, the Photographic Society emphasized the nobility of photography in order to promote it. In May 1893, it held the Exhibition of Foreign Photographs, the first exhibition of photographs from other countries, demonstrating the latest technology and the artistic nature of photographs. The exhibition was requested by a British photographic association, which stimulated pride in photography in Japan. Photography appealed to both the upper class and other classes in Japan, demonstrating that enlightenment had spread throughout the country’s classes.Theme II : Transnational Design in and around Asi