Quark to Λ\Lambda-hyperon spin transfers in the current-fragmentation region

We perform a study on the struck quark to the $\Lambda$-hyperon fragmentation processes by taking into account the anti-quark fragmentations and intermediate decays from other hyperons. We concentrate on how the longitudinally polarized quark fragments to the longitudinally polarized $\Lambda$, how unpolarized quark and anti-quark fragment to the unpolarized $\Lambda$, and how quark and anti-quark fragment to the $\Lambda$ through the intermediate decay processes. We calculate the effective fragmentation functions in the light-cone SU(6) quark-spectator-diquark model via the Gribov-Lipatov relation, with the Melosh-Wigner rotation effect also included. The calculated results are in reasonable agreement with the HERMES semi-inclusive $ep$ experimental data and the OPAL and ALEPH $e^{+}e^{-}$ annihilation experimental data.Comment: 14 latex pages, 8 figures. Final version for publication in PL

Mechanism and Kinetic Analysis of Sterilization of Escherichia coli on Shell Eggs by Ultrasound-Assisted Steam Treatment

In order to explore the predictive bactericidal effect of ultrasound-assisted steam treatment on Escherichia coli on the eggshell surface and the mechanism of bacterial damage and death, a kinetic model for the sterilization of E. coli on the eggshell surface by ultrasound-assisted steam treatment was constructed. By controlling the concentration of bacterial suspension used to artificially contaminate eggshells, the sterilization efficiencies of E. coli by ultrasound, steam and their combination were evaluated and compared with that using the sodium hypochlorite immersion method, commonly used in commercial sterilization. The Linear, Weibull, Log-Logistic and Modified Gompertz models were used to fit the inactivation curve of E. coli by ultrasound-assisted steam treatment, and the damage degree of cell morphology and the leakage of cell contents before and after sterilization were measured. The results showed that after 180 s of 150 W ultrasonic pretreatment and 3 s of steam treatment, the logarithm of the total number of E. coli decreased from 6.26 to 2.04 with a mortality rate of 67%. The sterilization process of ultrasound-assisted steam treatment was better fitted to the nonlinear dynamic model, while the Weibull model was more suitable to describe the dynamic process of sterilization with increasing ultrasonic intensity and steam treatment time. In addition, the combined treatment destroyed the ultrastructure of E. coli and the external structure of its cells, resulting in cytoplasm leakage and changes in the permeability of the membrane. Therefore, ultrasound-assisted steam treatment could aggravate the deformation and damage of bacteria, leading to bacterial death. The experimental results provide a theoretical basis for the inactivation of E. coli on the eggshell surface. According to the results of egg quality during storage, this method has broad application prospects in the production of clean eggs

Prototyping of LAI and FPAR retrievals from MODIS multi-angle implementation of atmospheric correction (MAIAC) data

Leaf area index (LAI) and fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) absorbed by vegetation are key variables in many global models of climate, hydrology, biogeochemistry, and ecology. These parameters are being operationally produced from Terra and Aqua MODIS bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) data. The MODIS science team has developed, and plans to release, a new version of the BRF product using the multi-angle implementation of atmospheric correction (MAIAC) algorithm from Terra and Aqua MODIS observations. This paper presents analyses of LAI and FPAR retrievals generated with the MODIS LAI/FPAR operational algorithm using Terra MAIAC BRF data. Direct application of the operational algorithm to MAIAC BRF resulted in an underestimation of the MODIS Collection 6 (C6) LAI standard product by up to 10%. The difference was attributed to the disagreement between MAIAC and MODIS BRFs over the vegetation by −2% to +8% in the red spectral band, suggesting different accuracies in the BRF products. The operational LAI/FPAR algorithm was adjusted for uncertainties in the MAIAC BRF data. Its performance evaluated on a limited set of MAIAC BRF data from North and South America suggests an increase in spatial coverage of the best quality, high-precision LAI retrievals of up to 10%. Overall MAIAC LAI and FPAR are consistent with the standard C6 MODIS LAI/FPAR. The increase in spatial coverage of the best quality LAI retrievals resulted in a better agreement of MAIAC LAI with field data compared to the C6 LAI product, with the RMSE decreasing from 0.80 LAI units (C6) down to 0.67 (MAIAC) and the R2 increasing from 0.69 to 0.80. The slope (intercept) of the satellite-derived vs. field-measured LAI regression line has changed from 0.89 (0.39) to 0.97 (0.25).This work was funded by NASA Earth Science Division to MODIS (NNX14AI71G) and VIIRS (NNX14AP80A) programs through grants to Boston University (Ranga B. Myneni, PI), and HBO contract # 21205-14-036 to Yuri Knyazikhin. (NNX14AI71G - NASA; NNX14AP80A - NASA; 21205-14-036 - HBO contract)http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/4/370Published versio

Effect of Trypsin Modification on Heat Resistance and Structural Properties of Liquid Egg White during Heat Sterilization

In order to increase the pasteurization temperature and heat resistance of liquid egg white, the effect of trypsin modification on the heat resistance and structural properties of liquid egg white was investigated in this study. The sample in this study consisted of two groups: unmodified and enzyme-modified. Each group was kept at 25 ℃ (control) or sterilized at 56, 62, 68 or 72 ℃ for 3 min. The changes of heat resistance were measured by turbidity and supernatant protein content, and the structure of egg white protein was characterized by apparent viscosity, particle size, surface hydrophobicity, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Trypsin modification significantly reduced egg white turbidity and increased the protein content of the supernatant (P < 0.05). As the sterilization temperature increased, the turbidity and particle size of egg white gradually increased, while the protein content of the supernatant gradually decreased. At the same sterilization temperature, the turbidity and apparent viscosity of the modified egg white were significantly lower, while the surface hydrophobicity was significantly higher (P < 0.05) and the particle size distribution was closer to the normal distribution compared with that of the unmodified egg white. Enzymatic modification could inhibit protein thermal aggregation and improve heat resistance. SEM results showed that enzymatic modification increased the surface porosity of egg white protein and the dispersity of the particles; at the same sterilization temperature the number of particles retained on the surface was higher in modified than in unmodified egg white. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that enzymatic modification promoted the degradation of large molecular mass proteins in egg white. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that at temperatures below 68 ℃, the relative content of α-helix of the modified egg white was significantly higher than that of the unmodified egg white (P < 0.05), while the relative content of random coil was significantly lower than that of the unmodified egg white. In conclusion, trypsin can effectively improve the thermal aggregation of egg white proteins during heat sterilization and improve the heat resistance of liquid egg white, which is important for expanding its sales radius

Octet Quark Contents from SU(3) Flavor Symmetry

With the parametrization of parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton by Soffer \textit{et al.}, we extend the valence quark contents to other octet baryons by utilizing SU(3) flavor symmetry. We find the method practically useful. Fragmentation functions (FFs) are further obtained through the phenomenological Gribov-Lipatov relation at the $x \to 1$ region. Our results are compared with different models, and these different predictions can be discriminated by upcoming experiments.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, final version for journal publicatio

Novel chelating agents for zirconium-89-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging: Synthesis, DFT calculation, radiolabeling, and in vitro and in vivo complex stability

We report the synthesis and evaluation of novel chelating agents for zirconium-89

The causal relationship between gut microbiota and lymphoma: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

BackgroundPrevious studies have indicated a potential link between the gut microbiota and lymphoma. However, the exact causal interplay between the two remains an area of ambiguity.MethodsWe performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to elucidate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and five types of lymphoma. The research drew upon microbiome data from a research project of 14,306 participants and lymphoma data encompassing 324,650 cases. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms were meticulously chosen as instrumental variables according to multiple stringent criteria. Five MR methodologies, including the inverse variance weighted approach, were utilized to assess the direct causal impact between the microbial exposures and lymphoma outcomes. Moreover, sensitivity analyses were carried out to robustly scrutinize and validate the potential presence of heterogeneity and pleiotropy, thereby ensuring the reliability and accuracy.ResultsWe discerned 38 potential causal associations linking genetic predispositions within the gut microbiome to the development of lymphoma. A few of the more significant results are as follows: Genus Coprobacter (OR = 0.619, 95% CI 0.438–0.873, P = 0.006) demonstrated a potentially protective effect against Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL). Genus Alistipes (OR = 0.473, 95% CI 0.278–0.807, P = 0.006) was a protective factor for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Genus Ruminococcaceae (OR = 0.541, 95% CI 0.341–0.857, P = 0.009) exhibited suggestive protective effects against follicular lymphoma. Genus LachnospiraceaeUCG001 (OR = 0.354, 95% CI 0.198–0.631, P = 0.0004) showed protective properties against T/NK cell lymphoma. The Q test indicated an absence of heterogeneity, and the MR-Egger test did not show significant horizontal polytropy. Furthermore, the leave-one-out analysis failed to identify any SNP that exerted a substantial influence on the overall results.ConclusionOur study elucidates a definitive causal link between gut microbiota and lymphoma development, pinpointing specific microbial taxa with potential causative roles in lymphomagenesis, as well as identifying probiotic candidates that may impact disease progression, which provide new ideas for possible therapeutic approaches to lymphoma and clues to the pathogenesis of lymphoma