Year-Round Grazing of Beef Cows on Pangolagrass (\u3ci\u3eDigitaria Decumbens\u3c/i\u3e Cv.Transvala) Pasture in Southern Area of Japan

The southern area of Japan (Okinawa) has a sub-tropical climate. In this area beef calf production is now based on year-round grazing on giant stargrass (Cynodon aethiopicus Clayton & Haylan). However, the numbers of beef cows in this area are increasing rapidly and a grass with higher productivity than giant stargrass is required. The objective of this experiment was to examine the possibility of using pangolagrass (Digitaria decumbens cv. Transvala) pasture in this area

Deep Adversarial Reinforcement Learning With Noise Compensation by Autoencoder

We present a new adversarial learning method for deep reinforcement learning (DRL). Based on this method, robust internal representation in a deep Q-network (DQN) was introduced by applying adversarial noise to disturb the DQN policy; however, it was compensated for by the autoencoder network. In particular, we proposed the use of a new type of adversarial noise: it encourages the policy to choose the worst action leading to the worst outcome at each state. When the proposed method, called deep Q-W-network regularized with an autoencoder (DQWAE), was applied to seven different games in an Atari 2600, the results were convincing. DQWAE exhibited greater robustness against the random/adversarial noise added to the input and accelerated the learning process more than the baseline DQN. When applied to a realistic automatic driving simulation, the proposed DRL method was found to be effective at rendering the acquired policy robust against random/adversarial noise

The Indispensability of Ghost Fields in the Light-Cone Gauge Quantization of Gauge Fields

We continue McCartor and Robertson's recent demonstration of the indispensability of ghost fields in the light-cone gauge quantization of gauge fields. It is shown that the ghost fields are indispensable in deriving well-defined antiderivatives and in regularizing the most singular component of gauge field propagator. To this end it is sufficient to confine ourselves to noninteracting abelian fields. Furthermore to circumvent dealing with constrained systems, we construct the temporal gauge canonical formulation of the free electromagnetic field in auxiliary coordinates $x^{\mu}=(x^-,x^+,x^1,x^2)$ where $x^-=x^0 cos{\theta}-x^3 sin{\theta}, x^+=x^0 sin{\theta}+x^3 cos{\theta}$ and $x^-$ plays the role of time. In so doing we can quantize the fields canonically without any constraints, unambiguously introduce "static ghost fields" as residual gauge degrees of freedom and construct the light-cone gauge solution in the light-cone representation by simply taking the light-cone limit (${\theta}\to \pi/4$). As a by product we find that, with a suitable choice of vacuum the Mandelstam-Leibbrandt form of the propagator can be derived in the ${\theta}=0$ case (the temporal gauge formulation in the equal-time representation).Comment: 21 pages, uses ptptex.st