Carrying messages of Peace to the world: Landscape, discourses, and practices of peace in Hiroshima

This thesis is my exploration of what the landscape of peace, onto which past relevant actors\u27 discourses and practices of peace and my interlocutors\u27 present practices of peace are inscribed, represents and silences, and how my interlocutors, who relate their activities to the concept peace, make sense of the concept peace. In the literature in the field of anthropology of peace, peace has been what is defined by the anthropologists, not by their interlocutors. In other words, the anthropologists\u27 definitions of peace have silenced their interlocutors\u27 understandings of peace. This whole thesis was written as a critique of how these anthropologists of peace have silenced their interlocutors\u27 own understandings of peace. I explored how discourses and practices that actors involved related to the concept peace in the past and my interlocutors\u27 present practices are inscribed onto the landscape. Hiroshima city has been explicitly designed as a peace (memorial) city . Reconstruction of ruined Hiroshima as a peace (memorial) city enabled the city government to obtain special subsidies, with which the city government constructed many facilities including the Peace Memorial Park, but at the same time, it oppressed and silenced despondent voices and uncomfortable feelings of many citizens, the majority of whom were A-bomb victims. In the Peace Memorial Park, there are many objects such as buildings, monuments, and A-bombed trees, which were erected or have been preserved by a variety of actors who thought these objects symbolize their hope for peace. Many of the objects in the park represent the master narrative of peace in Hiroshima which links the atomic bombing with the concept peace. In my fieldwork, as a guide, I took my guests to a dozen of the objects in the park in my guided tours. My guided tour, which centered on what the objects in the Peace Memorial Park represent, contributed to the hegemonic narrative of peace, which silences many voices. In a Foucauldian sense, I was formed as a subject of the hegemonic discourse of peace in Hiroshima. With this as a backdrop, I inquired how my interlocutors make sense of the concept peace especially in relation to their activities that they relate to the concept peace. Although they clearly relate their activities to the concept peace, their thoughts on peace are rarely made manifest. The foregrounded concept peace silences their understandings of peace, which differs from one another. Many of my interlocutors\u27 understandings of peace are counterposed to their understandings of what happened in Hiroshima

HepaRG細胞を用いた代謝的活性化による肝障害の評価

広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(薬学)Doctor of Philosophy in Pharmaceutical Sciencedoctora

Suppression of cell cycle progression by Jun dimerization protein (JDP2) involves down-regulation of cyclin A2

We report here a novel role for Jun dimerization protein-2 (JDP2) as a regulator of the progression of normal cells through the cell cycle. To determine the role of JDP2 in vivo, we generated Jdp2 knock-out (Jdp2KO) mice by targeting exon 1 to disrupt the site of initiation of transcription. The healing of wounded skin of Jdp2KO mice proceeded more rapidly than that of control mice and more proliferating cells were found at wound margins. Fibroblasts derived from embryos of Jdp2KO mice proliferated more rapidly and formed more colonies than wild-type fibroblasts. JDP2 was recruited to the promoter of the gene for cyclin A2 (ccna2) at a previously unidentified AP-1 site. Cells lacking Jdp2 had elevated levels of cyclin A2 mRNA. Moreover, reintroduction of JDP2 resulted in repression of transcription of ccna2 and of cell cycle progression. Thus, transcription of the gene for cyclin A2 appears to be a direct target of JDP2 in the suppression of cell proliferation

Intraspecies Prion Transmission Results in Selection of Sheep Scrapie Strains

Background: Sheep scrapie is caused by multiple prion strains, which have been classified on the basis of their biological characteristics in inbred mice. The heterogeneity of natural scrapie prions in individual sheep and in sheep flocks has not been clearly defined. Methodology/Principal Findings: In this study, we intravenously injected 2 sheep (Suffolk and Corriedale) with material from a natural case of sheep scrapie (Suffolk breed). These 3 sheep had identical prion protein (PrP) genotypes. The protease-resistant core of PrP (PrPres) in the experimental Suffolk sheep was similar to that in the original Suffolk sheep. In contrast, PrPres in the Corriedale sheep differed from the original PrPres but resembled the unusual scrapie isolate, CH1641. This unusual PrPres was not detected in the original sheep. The PrPres distributions in the brain and peripheral tissues differed between the 2 breeds of challenged sheep. A transmission study in wild-type and TgBoPrP mice, which overexpressing bovine PrP, led to the selection of different prion strains. The pathological features of prion diseases are thought to depend on the dominantly propagated strain. Conclusions/Significance: Our results indicate that prion strain selection occurs after both inter- and intraspecie

Sulfated Dextrans Enhance In Vitro Amplification of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy PrPSc and Enable Ultrasensitive Detection of Bovine PrPSc

Prions, infectious agents associated with prion diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle, and scrapie in sheep and goats, are primarily comprised of PrP(Sc), a protease-resistant misfolded isoform of the cellular prion protein PrP(C). Protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) is a highly sensitive technique used to detect minute amounts of scrapie PrP(Sc). However, the current PMCA technique has been unsuccessful in achieving good amplification in cattle. The detailed distribution of PrP(Sc) in BSE-affected cattle therefore remains unknown.We report here that PrP(Sc) derived from BSE-affected cattle can be amplified ultra-efficiently by PMCA in the presence of sulfated dextran compounds. This method is capable of amplifying very small amounts of PrP(Sc) from the saliva, palatine tonsils, lymph nodes, ileocecal region, and muscular tissues of BSE-affected cattle. Individual differences in the distribution of PrP(Sc) in spleen and cerebrospinal fluid samples were observed in terminal-stage animals. However, the presence of PrP(Sc) in blood was not substantiated in the BSE-affected cattle examined.The distribution of PrP(Sc) is not restricted to the nervous system and can spread to peripheral tissues in the terminal disease stage. The finding that PrP(Sc) could be amplified in the saliva of an asymptomatic animal suggests a potential usefulness of this technique for BSE diagnosis. This highly sensitive method also has other practical applications, including safety evaluation or safety assurance of products and byproducts manufactured from bovine source materials

Pengesanan gelembung plasma di dalam lapisan ionosfera menggunakan penerima GPS di Asia Tenggara

Lapisan ionosfera berhampiran kawasan khatulistiwa geomagnetik sering terdedah kepada gangguan pada waktu malam yang dikenali sebagai gelembung plasma (PBB). Kehadiran PBB boleh meningkatkan kadar perubahan amplitud dan fasa isyarat radio yang melaluinya dan memberi kesan terhadap sistem komunikasi dan navigasi. PBB biasanya terjadi secara berturutan dengan satu demi satu struktur muncul pada waktu senja. Walau bagaimanapun, waktu dan lokasi kemunculan PBB tidak dapat diramal kerana punca awal pembentukannya masih belum dikenal pasti. Walaupun pelbagai peralatan telah dibangunkan untuk mencerap PBB, namun setiap alat pengukuran dibataskan oleh resolusi ruang dan masa. Dalam kajian ini, struktur PBB dalam dua dimensi (2D) dicerap menggunakan rangkaian penerima GPS dengan kepadatan yang tinggi di Asia Tenggara. Data GPS dikumpulkan daripada 127 stesen penerima dengan jarak sekitar 30 hingga 120 km di antara satu sama lain. Jumlah kandungan elektron (TEC) diperoleh berdasarkan perbezaan antara dua isyarat yang dipancarkan oleh setiap satelit GPS. Kehadiran PBB dikesan menggunakan indeks kadar perubahan TEC (ROTI) bagi semua laluan isyarat dari satelit kepada penerima. Struktur 2D PBB diperoleh dengan mempuratakan data GPS ROTI ke dalam grid bersaiz 0.45o latitud × 0.45o longitud dan dipetakan pada ketinggian 300 km. Kajian kes pada malam 18 Mac 2011 menunjukkan kemunculan enam struktur PBB yang berturutan pada waktu senja apeks di sepanjang longitud 95oT hingga 120oT. Struktur-struktur PBB tersebut muncul dengan jarak di antara 100 hingga 550 km. Jarak kemunculan sturuktur PBB memainkan peranan penting dalam menentukan punca pembentukannya yang dipercayai berbentuk seakan gelombang

Cloning of cDNA and genomic DNA for human cytochrome P-45011β

AbstractA full-length cDNA clone encoding steroid 11β-hydroxylase (P-45011β) has been isolated from a cDNA library derived from human adrenal tumor. The insert of the clone contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of 503 amino acid residues together with a 4 bp 5'-untranslated region and a 576 bp 3'-untranslated region to which a poly(A) tract is attached. The promoter region of the P-45011β gene has also been isolated from a genomic library derived from human pre-B cells. It contains a TATA box, a putative cAMP-responsive element, several repeated sequences and two sequence elements similar to the consensus sequence for binding of AP-1. A transient expression assay in Y-1 adrenal tumor cells demonstrates that the promoter activity is remarkably enhanced by treatment of the cells with cAMP. In addition, analysis using deletion mutants containing various lengths of the 5'-flanking region of the gene suggests that several cis-acting elements participate in transcriptional regulation of human P-45011β gene