Effect of Supplied Amount and Strength of Nutrient Solution on Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Strawberry ‘Saga-honoka’ Grown with Sufficiently Elevated CO2

The effects of supplied amount and strength of nutrient solution were investigated for strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch. cv. Saga-honoka) grown with peat bags in elevated CO2 environment (800-2500 ppm in the day time, November 4 to April 7). Three strengths (L : low-80%, M : standard-100% and H : high-120%) of nutrient solution (N : 8.85, P : 0.85, K : 3.90, Ca : 2.05, Mg : 0.93 mM ; half strength of Ohtsuka A solution) were compared. Around 20% of discharged rate (discharged/supplied amount of nutrient solution) was kept for these 3 plots and 30 to 40% of the rate was kept for additional plot of 80%-solution (L2) by altering the supplied amount of 80%-solution. As almost no nitrate could be detected in drainage of L, nutrient supply was probably insufficient throughout the experiment. Total amount of nitrogen supply was lower than the other 3 plots and leaf area was the smallest after December. Although there was no significant difference in yield and fruit quality, the rate of tip burn affected flowers was lowest in L2 and highest in H. Thus, around 30-40% of drainage rate and 50-60 mS・m−1 of drainage EC may be desirable target values for ‘Saga-honoka’ strawberry grown with peat based substrate.イチゴ‘さがほのか’を用いて，高CO2濃度条件下(日中800～2500ppm)での栽培における培養液濃度と施用量の影響について検討した．培養液は排液率20%を目標に，大塚Ａ処方を30～50%濃度で適宜変更する慣行区を標準として，濃度をその1.2倍，0.8倍とする高濃度区と低濃度区，さらに低濃度区においては，給液量を1.2倍(排液率35%)とする低濃度多量区を設け，計４処理区とした．排液率20%を目標とした低濃度培養液管理では，12月以降の排液中NO3-Nは検出限界以下であり，栽培期間を通して養分が不足しがちであった．また，全Ｎ施用量も他の３処理区と比較すると少なくなり，１月以降の葉面積が小さくなった．収量・果実品質においては処理区間で有意な差は認められなかったが，チップバーン発生率は，高濃度区で高く，低濃度多量区の発生率が最も低かった．低濃度多量区では，葉面積も大きくなったことから，‘さがほのか’においては，排液率30～40%，排液EC50～60mS・m-1を目標とした低濃度での培養液管理が望ましいといえる

Development of a visible-light-responsive titania nanotube photocatalyst by site-selective modification with hetero metal ions

A titania nanotube (TNT), which was obtained by calcinations of a titanate nanotube, was modified with two kinds of transition metal ions, iron(III) (Fe3+) and zinc(II) (Zn2+) ions. TNT with site-selective modification with metal ions showed higher photocatalytic activity than that of bare TNT, presumably due to separation of redox sites, and oxidation on the outside surface and reduction on the inside surface were the preferable separated redox sites on the tubular structure for decomposition of acetaldehyde. Modification of TNT with Fe3+ ions induced improvement of photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation as well as ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. On the other hand, TNT modified with Zn2+ ions showed the largest enhancement of photocatalytic activity under UV irradiation, though increase in visible-light activity was hardly observed. Double-beam photoacoustic spectroscopic analyses indicated that Zn2+ ion works efficiently as an electron acceptor, while Fe3+ ion is an effective sensitizer for visible light

Effects of potassium nutrition on fruit development and yield of substrate grown strawberry

　Effect of K nutrition on sugar and organic acid concentration in fruit and yield of strawberry cultivars (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.; Nyoho, Toyonoka, Sachinoka, Asukarubi, Akihime, Tochiotome, and Sagahonoka) was investigated. Nutrient solution (NO3 8, NH4 1, P 1, K 4, Ca 2, Mg 1, SO4 1 ; mM) was modified to contain 0 to 4mM of K by replacing K with Ca and supplied from the beginning of flowering. K in the drainage decreased to a trace level 3 weeks after the beginning of treatment except for 4mM‒K solution. Absorption of NO3 apparently decreased in plants supplied 0mM‒K solution, but little difference was observed among the other 3 solutions. K concentration in petiole decreased linearly with decrease in K concentration in solutions, but there was little difference between the concentrations of leaflet of plants supplied with 4 and 2mM‒K solutions. No difference was observed in concentrations of sugars and organic acids in fruit in primary inflorescence. In the second inflorescence, organic acids and K concentration in fruit linearly decreased with decrease in K in supplied solutions while sugar concentration of fruit decreased significantly only in plants supplied 0mM‒K solution. When 0.5 to 4mM‒K solutions were supplied from 2 weeks after planting, marketable fruit yield was smallest in plants supplied 0.5mM‒K solution followed, by that supplied 1mM‒K solution, and largest in that supplied with 2mM‒K solution. Almost all K supplied with 2mM‒K solution was absorbed by strawberry plants and no difference was observed in quality and K concentration of fruit, yield and plant growth between the plants supplied with 2 and 4mM‒K solutions. It may be suitable to reduce the concentration of K in nutrient solution by half for substrate production of strawberry

Incidence of Blossom-end Rot in Relation to Water-soluble Ca Concentration in Tomato Fruits as Affected by Ca Nutrition under Root Restriction

The rate of absorbed Ca to N was less than half of Enshi or Hoagland solution in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) grown with restricted root zone volume in previous experiments. Tomato plants were grown in plastic pots containing 250 or 500ml of peat based medium with modified Enshi solutions containing 1, 2 or 4mM of Ca. The solutions were prepared by replacing a part of Ca(NO3)2・4H2O to NH4NO3. Although Ca concentration was higher than 2mM in drainage collected from plants supplied 1mM Ca solution, absorbed amount of Ca was very small and severe symptom of Ca deficiency was observed. Incidence of blossom-end rot (BER) increased with decrease in Ca concentration of the solution and yield decreased to 50% and 36% of 4mM control, in 2mM and 1mM plots, respectively. Among fractionated Ca in stem of lateral shoot, decrease in water-soluble fraction was remarkable compared to 1N NaCl- or 0.6N HCl-soluble fractions. Tomato plants were then grown with modified solutions containing 1~4mM of Ca and fractionated Ca was determined for distal half of fruits. With decrease in solution Ca, fruit Ca decreased in all fractions, and days to BER incidence after flowering also decreased. Significant relationship was found only between the water-soluble Ca concentration in fruit tissue and rate of BER incidence. Thus water-soluble Ca in tomato fruit may closely relate to BER incidence, and an efficient tool to estimate the potential risk of BER may possibly be developed by determining the Ca fraction in the stem of lateral shoots.根域制限下におけるトマトの養分吸収を調査した結果，培養液中Caの多くは排液とともに排出され，Ｎに対するCaの吸収比率は園試処方やHoagland処方中の比率の50%以下であった．そこで，園試処方培養液中のCa(NO3)2･4H2Oの一部をNH4NO3に置換してCa濃度１，２，４ﾋの培養液を作成し，日射比例給液制御下で ‘ハウス桃太郎’の根城制限栽培（培地容量250，500 ㎖）を行った．培養液のCa濃度が１ﾋであっても排液中のCa濃度が２ﾋよりも高く推移したが，Ca吸収量は極めて少なく，著しいCa欠乏症状が現れた．低Ca濃度区では尻腐れ果が多発し，１ﾋ区では第３果房より上段の果実は全て尻腐れ果となり，第９果房までの収量は２ﾋ区，１ﾋ区でそれぞれ４ﾋ区の50%，36%に低下した．腋芽茎中のCa濃度の低下は0.6N-NaCl可溶性画分や0.6N-HCl可溶性画分と比較して水溶性画分の低下が著しかった．そこで，Ca濃度が１～４ﾋの培養液を用いて点滴栽培を行い，果実中のCa濃度を分画して定量した．果実頂部のCa濃度はいずれの画分においても培養液中Ca濃度が低いほど低く，開花から尻腐れ症状が発生するまでの日数も短くなった．尻腐れ果発生率と果頂部の水溶性Ca濃度との間にのみ有意な負の相関が認められた．以上のことから，果実の水溶性Ca濃度がトマトの尻腐れ果発生リスクの大小に大きくかかわっており，植物体の水溶性Ca濃度測定は尻腐れ果発生防止のためのCa栄養診断に応用できる可能性が高いと考えられる

High-temperature thermoelectric properties of the double-perovskite ruthenium oxide (Sr1−x_{1-x}Lax_x)2_2ErRuO6_6

We have prepared polycrystalline samples of (Sr$_{1-x}$La$_x$)$_2$ErRuO$_6$ and (Sr$_{1-x}$La$_x$)$_2$YRuO$_6$, and have measured the resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, susceptibility and x-ray absorption in order to evaluate the electronic states and thermoelectric properties of the doped double-perovskite ruthenates. We have observed a large Seebeck coefficient of -160 $\mu$V/K and a low thermal conductivity of 7 mW/cmK for $x$=0.1 at 800 K in air. These two values are suitable for efficient oxide thermoelectrics, although the resistivity is still as high as 1 $\Omega$cm. From the susceptibility and x-ray absorption measurements, we find that the doped electrons exist as Ru$^{4+}$ in the low spin state. On the basis of the measured results, the electronic states and the conduction mechanism are discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, J. Appl. Phys. (accepted

Widely Extended [OIII] 88 um Line Emission around the 30 Doradus Region Revealed with AKARI FIS-FTS

We present the distribution map of the far-infrared [OIII] 88um line emission around the 30 Doradus (30 Dor) region in the Large Magellanic Cloud obtained with the Fourier Transform Spectrometer of the Far-Infrared Surveyor onboard AKARI. The map reveals that the [OIII] emission is widely distributed by more than 10' around the super star cluster R136, implying that the 30 Dor region is affluent with interstellar radiation field hard enough to ionize O^{2+}. The observed [OIII] line intensities are as high as (1-2) x 10^{-6} W m^{-2} sr^{-1} on the peripheral regions 4'-5' away from the center of 30 Dor, which requires gas densities of 60-100 cm^{-3}. However the observed size of the distribution of the [OIII] emission is too large to be explained by massive stars in the 30 Dor region enshrouded by clouds with the constant gas density of 10^2 cm^{-3}. Therefore the surrounding structure is likely to be highly clumpy. We also find a global correlation between the [OIII] and the far-infrared continuum emission, suggesting that the gas and dust are well mixed in the highly-ionized region where the dust survives in clumpy dense clouds shielded from the energetic photons.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan (PASJ

Goblet Cell Hyperplasia and Muscular Layer Thickening in the Small Intestine of a Cynomolgus Monkey

We report here the interesting case of a 5-year-old male cynomolgus monkey with goblet cell hyperplasia and thickening of the muscular layer throughout the small intestine without exhibiting any clinical symptoms. Necropsy examination showed diffuse thickening of the intestinal wall from the jejunum to the ileum, with an appearance likened to a rubber tube. Histopathologically, marked thickening was observed in both the mucosal and muscular layers in the jejunum and ileum, and slight thickening was observed in the duodenum. Goblet cell hyperplasia with extension of the circular folds and villi was prominently observed. The mucosal surface was covered with a thick mucus layer containing desquamated mucosal epithelial cells, and both the inner and outer muscular layers were markedly thickened due to smooth muscle hypertrophy. Neither macroscopic nor histopathological examination identified any causative factors, such as infection, enteritis and intestinal stenosis, or obstruction that may have caused development of this lesion. Given these observations, this case may simply be considered of spontaneous goblet cell hyperplasia and muscular layer thickening in the small intestine of a cynomolgus monkey

In situ photoacoustic analysis of near-infrared absorption of rhodium-doped strontium titanate photocatalyst powder

Near-infrared absorption of strontium titanate (SrTiO3) doped with rhodium (Rh) was investigated by photoacoustic (PA) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In the absence of an electron acceptor and the presence of a hole scavenger, the largest absorption change in the Rh valence state from tetravalent to trivalent was observed in Rh-doped SrTiO3 prepared at 1473 K, which showed the highest activity for hydrogen evolution. PA measurements revealed the effective redox cycle mechanism between tetravalent and trivalent Rh ions in Rh-doped SrTiO3