Large animal models in the study of gynecological diseases

Gynecological diseases are a series of diseases caused by abnormalities in the female reproductive organs or breast, which endanger women’s fertility and even their lives. Therefore, it is important to investigate the mechanism of occurrence and treatment of gynecological diseases. Animal models are the main objects for people to study the development of diseases and explore treatment options. Large animals, compared to small rodents, have reproductive organs with structural and physiological characteristics closer to those of humans, and are also better suited for long-term serial examinations for gynecological disease studies. This review gives examples of large animal models in gynecological diseases and provides a reference for the selection of animal models for gynecological diseases

Inferior plant competitor allocates more biomass to belowground as a result of greater competition for resources in heterogeneous habitats

Nutrient heterogeneity in soil widely exists in nature and can have significant impacts on plant growth, biomass allocation, and competitive interactions. However, limited research has been done to investigate the interspecific competitive intensity between two clonal species in a heterogeneous habitat. Therefore, this greenhouse experiment was conducted with two clonal species, Phragmites australis and Scirpus planiculumis, exposed to heterogeneous and homogeneous patches of soil nutrients at five different planting ratios (0:4, 1:3, 2:2, 3:1 and 4:0), to assess the effects of both soil heterogeneity and interspecific competition on plant growth. It was found that soil nutrient heterogeneity significantly enhanced P. australis’ interspecific competitive capacity and biomass by promoting a 20% increase in belowground allocation. Interestingly, the planting ratio did not affect the magnitude of this net outcome. In contrast, the superior competitor S. planiculumis did not exhibit significant change of growth indicators to the heterogeneous soil patches. These findings imply that the uncertainties associated with human-induced redistribution of plant species may lead to a shift in dominance from other species to those like P. australis, which have strong nutrient foraging abilities in response to heterogeneity in emergent wetland plant communities

Broadband Vertically/Horizontally Dual-Polarized Antenna for Base Stations

A broadband vertically/horizontally (V/H) dual-polarized antenna is proposed for mobile communication base stations. The antenna consists of two perpendicularly placed broadband planar antenna elements. By shaping the reflector for V/H dual-polarized antenna, a half-power beam width of 65±8° is achieved for both vertical and horizontal polarization. The V/H dual-polarized antenna has a bandwidth of 48% (1.7–2.75 GHz) for return loss >15 dB, an isolation of 30 dB, and an antenna gain of 9 dBi. An 8-element V/H dual-polarized antenna array is developed, which achieves a bandwidth of 45% (1.7–2.7 GHz) and an antenna gain of 16 dBi, suitable for GSM/UMTS/LTE base stations

A compact broadband antenna for ultra high frequency and L band on 5G new radio base stations

Abstract A simple method is proposed for the realisation of compact dual‐polarised antennas. The aperture area of a dual‐polarised dipole antenna can be reduced by half by surrounding the antenna with a square loop. Based on the method, a broadband compact dual‐polarised antenna is developed. The broadband dual‐polarised antenna consists of two ±45°‐polarised dipoles surrounded by a square loop and fed by two orthogonal broadband baluns. A resonance at a sfrequency (fLr = 0.7 GHz) is created by the square loop, leading to a compact size of about λLr/4 × λLr/4, where λLr is the wavelength in free space at fLr. Another resonance at a higher frequency (fHr = 1.5 GHz) is generated by etching open slots on the ±45°‐polarised dipoles. A combination of the lower‐frequency and the higher‐frequency resonances results in a broadband operation. Simulation and experimental results show that the compact dual‐polarised antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 75% (0.69–1.52 GHz) for return loss > 15 dB with stable radiation patterns, which is potential to be used for 5G new radio base‐station applications

Wideband Dual-Polarized Quasi-Omnidirectional Antenna with High Isolation for Mobile Applications in High-Speed Vehicles

A new wideband dual-polarized (DP) quasi-omnidirectional antenna is proposed. The DP antenna consists of a vertical slot for horizontal polarization (HP) and a folded horizontal slot for vertical polarization (VP). A tapered strip is employed to coupling feed the vertical slot while a straight strip is used to excite the horizontal slot. Due to the coupling feed and the orthogonality between the vertical and horizontal slots, the DP antenna features a wide bandwidth and a very high isolation. The simulated isolation is higher than 70 dB, although the measured isolation is about 50 dB. As experimental results indicate, the DP antenna realizes an impedance bandwidth (BW) of 45% (1.7–2.73 GHz) with quasi-omnidirectional radiation patterns for both HP and VP. The DP quasi-omnidirectional antenna may be packaged into a radome with a shape of a blade for mobile applications in high-speed vehicles