Abnormal Domestic Information Disseminate on Cross-listed Nikkei 225 Index Futures from Abroad?

This study extends the GARCH with autoregressive conditional jump intensity in Generalized Error Distribution (GARJI-GED) model to identify the fundamental characteristics of Nikkei 225 index and futures. Furthermore, this study applied the Granger causality test to investigate whether an abnormal information lead and lag relationship existed for the Nikkei 225, SIMEX-Nikkei 225 and OSE-Nikkei 225. Empirical results demonstrate that Nikkei 225 index and futures show jump phenomena, implying a jump process is necessary to match statistical features in spot and futures markets. Finally, the empirical results indicated that the abnormal information of the OSE-Nikkei 225 futures contract significantly leads the one of the SIMEX- Nikkei 225 and Nikkei 225 index.

リンパ管新生における低分子量Gタンパク質Arf6の機能

筑波大学 (University of Tsukuba)201

The adaptor molecules LAT and SLP-76 are specifically targeted by Yersinia to inhibit T cell activation

T cell responses are critical to the survival of Yersinia-infected animals. Yersinia have the ability to directly suppress T lymphocyte activation through the virulence factor YopH, a tyrosine phosphatase. Using single cell video microscopy and FACS analysis, here we show that even an average of one Yersinia per T cell is sufficient to inhibit or alter T cell responses. This efficient inhibition is traced to specific targeting by YopH of the adaptor proteins, linker for activation of T cells (LAT) and SH2-domain–containing leukocyte protein of 76 kD (SLP-76), which are crucial for T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling. A catalytically inactive YopH translocated via the type III secretory pathway from the bacteria into T cells primarily binds to LAT and SLP-76. Furthermore, among the proteins of the TCR signaling pathway, the tyrosine phosphorylation levels of LAT and SLP-76 are the most affected in T cells exposed to low numbers of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. This is the first example showing that a pathogen targets these adaptor proteins in the TCR signaling pathway, suggesting a novel mechanism by which pathogens may efficiently alter T cell–mediated immune responses

Reducing Perineal Tears: The Effect of Pushing Methods and Length of 2nd Stage of Labor

Objective: To evaluate the current literature evidence for the effects of either instructed or spontaneous pushing on perineal laceration incidence during delivery and the duration of second stage of labor. Background: Lacerations (tears) of the perineum are common among women during delivery, increasing pain, infection risk, and other problems for women. Furthermore, prolonged second stage of labor has been shown a risk factor for lacerations. Pushing methods could have an effect on the incidence of lacerations and duration of second stage of labor. Methods: Thorough search of online databases for the highest levels of evidence relating to the topic within the last 5 years. Results: Spontaneous pushing versus instructed pushing method may decrease laceration incidence, according to limited evidence; however, other studies do not find this effect to be statistically significant. In addition, spontaneous pushing results in longer second stage of labor, having a possible indirect effect on laceration incidence. Conclusion: Since no evidence strongly supports either pushing method as beneficial for decreasing lacerations, further research on this topic seems warranted. For now, either method may be accepted for use in current medical practice

Routes to self-assembling stable photonic band-gap phases in emulsions of chiral nematics with isotropic fluids

Blue phases are stable phases with crystalline packing of interwoven topological defects in chiral nematic liquid crystals. We argue that chiral nematics with appropriate surfactants are likely to form blue phases for a wide range of parameters. We derive the transition curve for stable emulsified blue phases and find that the required low surface tension is within the accessible range of surfactants. These emulsified blue phases provide possible routes to photonic band-gap materials

リンパ管新生における低分子量Gタンパク質Arf6の機能

筑波大学 (University of Tsukuba)201

Concurrent Use in Taiwan of Chinese Herbal Medicine Therapies among Hormone Users Aged 55 Years to 79 Years and Its Association with Breast Cancer Risk: A Population-Based Study

Background. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the concurrent use of Chinese herbal products (CHPs) among women aged 55 to 79 years who had also been prescribed hormonal therapies (HT) and its association with breast cancer risk. Methods. The use, frequency of service, and CHP prescribed among 17,583 HT users were evaluated from a random sample of 1 million beneficiaries from the National Health Insurance Research Database. A logistic regression method was used to identify the factors that were associated with the coprescription of a CHP and HT. Cox proportional hazards regressions were performed to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) of breast cancer between the TCM nonusers and women who had undergone coadministration of HT and a CHP or CHPs. Results. More than one out of every five study subjects used a CHP concurrently with HT (CHTCHP patients). Shu-Jing-Huo-Xie-Tang was the most commonly used CHP coadministered with HT. In comparison to HT-alone users, the HRs for invasive breast cancer among CHTCHP patients were not significantly increased either in E-alone group or in mixed regimen group. Conclusions. The coadministration of hormone regimen and CHPs did not increase the risk of breast cancer

An Autonomous CDR3δ is Sufficient for γδ T Cell Recognition of the Nonclassical MHC-I T10/T22

It remains unclear whether γδ T cell receptors (TCRs) detect antigens in a manner similar to antibodies or αβ TCRs. Here we show that reactivity between G8 and KN6 γδ TCRs and the MHC class Ib molecule T22 can be transplanted, with retention of wild-type ligand affinity, after en bloc grafting of G8 and KN6 CDR3δ loops in place onto the CDR3α loop of an αβ TCR. We also find that a shared sequence motif within CDR3δ loops of all T22-reactive γδ TCRs binds T22 in energetically distinct fashions, and that T10d, which binds G8 with weak affinity, is converted into a high-affinity ligand by a single point mutation. These results demonstrate an unprecedented autonomy of a single CDR3 loop in antigen recognition