A model explaining neutrino masses and the DAMPE cosmic ray electron excess

We propose a flavored $U(1)_{e\mu}$ neutrino mass and dark matter~(DM) model to explain the recent DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) data, which feature an excess on the cosmic ray electron plus positron flux around 1.4 TeV. Only the first two lepton generations of the Standard Model are charged under the new $U(1)_{e\mu}$ gauge symmetry. A vector-like fermion $\psi$, which is our DM candidate, annihilates into $e^{\pm}$ and $\mu^{\pm}$ via the new gauge boson $Z'$ exchange and accounts for the DAMPE excess. We have found that the data favors a $\psi$ mass around 1.5~TeV and a $Z'$ mass around 2.6~TeV, which can potentially be probed by the next generation lepton colliders and DM direct detection experiments.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. V2: version accepted by Physics Letters

EfficientTrain: Exploring Generalized Curriculum Learning for Training Visual Backbones

The superior performance of modern deep networks usually comes with a costly training procedure. This paper presents a new curriculum learning approach for the efficient training of visual backbones (e.g., vision Transformers). Our work is inspired by the inherent learning dynamics of deep networks: we experimentally show that at an earlier training stage, the model mainly learns to recognize some 'easier-to-learn' discriminative patterns within each example, e.g., the lower-frequency components of images and the original information before data augmentation. Driven by this phenomenon, we propose a curriculum where the model always leverages all the training data at each epoch, while the curriculum starts with only exposing the 'easier-to-learn' patterns of each example, and introduces gradually more difficult patterns. To implement this idea, we 1) introduce a cropping operation in the Fourier spectrum of the inputs, which enables the model to learn from only the lower-frequency components efficiently, 2) demonstrate that exposing the features of original images amounts to adopting weaker data augmentation, and 3) integrate 1) and 2) and design a curriculum learning schedule with a greedy-search algorithm. The resulting approach, EfficientTrain, is simple, general, yet surprisingly effective. As an off-the-shelf method, it reduces the wall-time training cost of a wide variety of popular models (e.g., ResNet, ConvNeXt, DeiT, PVT, Swin, and CSWin) by >1.5x on ImageNet-1K/22K without sacrificing accuracy. It is also effective for self-supervised learning (e.g., MAE). Code is available at https://github.com/LeapLabTHU/EfficientTrain.Comment: ICCV 202

3-Chloro-6-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)picolinic acid–triphenyl­phosphine oxide (1/1)

In the title 1:1 adduct, C11H10ClN3O2·C18H15OP, the dihedral angle between the pyridine and pyrazole rings is 10.3 (2)°. The two components of the adduct are linked by an O—H⋯O hydrogen bond

R-process beta-decay neutrino flux from binary neutron star merger and collapsar

This study investigates the antineutrinos production by $\beta$-decay of $r$-process nuclei in two astrophysical sites that are capable of producing gamma-ray bursts (GRBs): binary neutron star mergers (BNSMs) and collapsars, which are promising sites for heavy element nucleosynthesis. We employ a simplified method to compute the $\beta$-decay $\bar\nu_e$ energy spectrum and consider two representative thermodynamic trajectories for $r$-process simulations, each with four sets of $Y_e$ distribution. The time evolution of the $\bar\nu_e$ spectrum is derived for both the dynamical ejecta and the disk wind for BNSMs and collapsar outflow, based on approximated mass outflow rates. Our results show that the $\bar\nu_e$ has an average energy of approximately 3 to 9~MeV, with a high energy tail of up to 20 MeV. The $\bar\nu_e$ flux evolution is primarily determined by the outflow duration, and can thus remain large for $\mathcal{O}(10)$~s and $\mathcal{O}(100)$~s for BNSMs and collapsars, respectively. For a single merger or collapsar at 40~Mpc, the $\bar\nu_e$ flux is $\mathcal{O}(10-100)$~cm$^{-2}$~s$^{-1}$, indicating a possible detection horizon up to $0.1-1$~Mpc for Hyper-kamiokande. We also estimate their contributions to the diffuse $\bar\nu_e$ background. Our results suggest that although the flux from BNSMs is roughly 4--5 orders of magnitude lower than that from the regular core-collapse supernovae, those from collapsars can possibly contribute a non-negligible fraction to the total diffuse $\bar\nu_e$ flux at energy $\lesssim 1$~MeV, with a large uncertainty depending on the unknown rate of collapsars capable of hosting the $r$-process.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure

Aqua­[2-(5-ethyl-2-pyridyl-κN)-4-iso­propyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydroxy­imidazol-1-ido-κN 1](5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxyl­ato-κ2 N 2,O)copper(II) 1.33-hydrate

In the title complex, [Cu(C5H5N2O2)(C14H18N3O)(H2O)]·1.33H2O, the CuII ion is coordinated in a slightly distorted square-pyramidal environment. The basal plane is formed by two N atoms from a 2-(5-ethyl-2-pyridyl-κN)-4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydroxy­imidazol-1-ide ligand and by one O atom and one N atom from a 5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxyl­ate ligand. The apical position is occupied by a water mol­ecule. In the crystal structure, O—H⋯O, O—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds lead to a three-dimensional supra­molecular network

CSPRD: A Financial Policy Retrieval Dataset for Chinese Stock Market

In recent years, great advances in pre-trained language models (PLMs) have sparked considerable research focus and achieved promising performance on the approach of dense passage retrieval, which aims at retrieving relative passages from massive corpus with given questions. However, most of existing datasets mainly benchmark the models with factoid queries of general commonsense, while specialised fields such as finance and economics remain unexplored due to the deficiency of large-scale and high-quality datasets with expert annotations. In this work, we propose a new task, policy retrieval, by introducing the Chinese Stock Policy Retrieval Dataset (CSPRD), which provides 700+ prospectus passages labeled by experienced experts with relevant articles from 10k+ entries in our collected Chinese policy corpus. Experiments on lexical, embedding and fine-tuned bi-encoder models show the effectiveness of our proposed CSPRD yet also suggests ample potential for improvement. Our best performing baseline achieves 56.1% MRR@10, 28.5% NDCG@10, 37.5% Recall@10 and 80.6% Precision@10 on dev set

Diaqua­bis(5-carb­oxy-2-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxyl­ato-κ2 N 3,O 4)manganese(II)

The title complex, [Mn(C6H5N2O4)2(H2O)2], was obtained by hydro­thermal synthesis. The MnII atom, which lies on an inversion centre, displays a slightly distorted octa­hedral geometry. In the crystal packing, complex mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional supramolecular structure. The title complex is isostructural with the corresponding cadmium(II) complex [Nie, Wen, Wu, Liu & Liu (2007 ▶). Acta Cryst. E63, m753–m755]

Current Status of Indocyanine Green Tracer-Guided Lymph Node Dissection in Minimally Invasive Surgery for Gastric Cancer

With the rapid development and popularization of laparoscopic and robotic radical gastrectomy, gastric cancer surgery has gradually entered a new era of precise minimally invasive surgery. The era of precision medicine has put forth new requirements for minimally invasive surgical treatment of patients with gastric cancer at different disease stages. For patients with early gastric cancer, avoiding surgical trauma caused by excessive lymph node dissection improves quality of life while pursuing radical treatment of the tumor. In patients with advanced gastric cancer, systematic lymph node dissection can be achieved without increasing surgical complications. With the successful application of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging technology in minimally invasive surgical instrumentation in recent years, researchers have found that ICG fluorescence imaging yields good tissue penetration and can identify lymph nodes in fat tissue better than other dyes. Therefore, whether ICG fluorescence imaging technology can guide surgeons in performing safe and effective lymph node dissection has attracted much attention. The present review discusses the clinical applications and research progress of ICG tracer-guided lymph node dissection in patients with gastric cancer

Quantifying the contribution of 31 risk factors to the increasing prevalence of diabetes among US adults, 2005–2018

IntroductionNo study has comprehensively quantified the individual and collective contributions of various risk factors to the growing burden of diabetes in the United States.MethodsThis study aimed to determine the extent to which an increase in the prevalence of diabetes was related to concurrent changes in the distribution of diabetes-related risk factors among US adults (aged 20 years or above and not pregnant). Seven cycles of series of cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data between 2005–2006 and 2017–2018 were included. The exposures were survey cycles and seven domains of risk factors, including genetic, demographic, social determinants of health, lifestyle, obesity, biological, and psychosocial domains. Using Poisson regressions, percent reduction in the β coefficient (the logarithm used to calculate the prevalence ratio for prevalence of diabetes in 2017–2018 vs. 2005–2006) was computed to assess the individual and collective contribution of the 31 prespecified risk factors and seven domains to the growing burden of diabetes.ResultsOf the 16,091 participants included, the unadjusted prevalence of diabetes increased from 12.2% in 2005–2006 to 17.1% in 2017–2018 [prevalence ratio: 1.40 (95% CI, 1.14–1.72)]. Individually, genetic domain [17.3% (95% CI, 5.4%−40.8%)], demographic domain [41.5% (95% CI, 24.4%−76.8%)], obesity domain [35.3% (95% CI, 15.8%−70.2%)], biological domain [46.2% (95% CI, 21.6%−79.1%)], and psychosocial domain [21.3% (95% CI, 9.5%−40.1%)] were significantly associated with a different percent reduction in β. After adjusting for all seven domains, the percent reduction in β was 97.3% (95% CI, 62.7%−164.8%).ConclusionThe concurrently changing risk factors accounted for the increasing diabetes prevalence. However, the contribution of each risk factor domain varied. Findings may inform planning cost-effective and targeted public health programs for diabetes prevention