Modeling near-field tsunami observations to improve finite-fault slip models for the 11 March 2011 Tohoku earthquake

The massive tsunami generated by the 11 March 2011 Tohoku earthquake (M_w 9.0) was widely recorded by GPS buoys, wave gauges, and ocean bottom pressure sensors around the source. Numerous inversions for finite-fault slip time histories have been performed using seismic and/or geodetic observations, yielding generally consistent patterns of large co-seismic slip offshore near the hypocenter and/or up-dip near the trench, where estimated peak slip is ~60 m. Modeling the tsunami generation and near-field wave processes using two detailed rupture models obtained from either teleseismic P waves or high-rate GPS recordings in Japan allows evaluation of how well the finite-fault models account for the regional tsunami data. By determining sensitivity of the tsunami calculations to rupture model features, we determine model modifications that improve the fit to the diverse tsunami data while retaining the fit to the seismic and geodetic observations

Symmetry-preserving Loop Regularization and Renormalization of QFTs

A new symmetry-preserving loop regularization method proposed in \cite{ylw} is further investigated. It is found that its prescription can be understood by introducing a regulating distribution function to the proper-time formalism of irreducible loop integrals. The method simulates in many interesting features to the momentum cutoff, Pauli-Villars and dimensional regularization. The loop regularization method is also simple and general for the practical calculations to higher loop graphs and can be applied to both underlying and effective quantum field theories including gauge, chiral, supersymmetric and gravitational ones as the new method does not modify either the lagrangian formalism or the space-time dimension of original theory. The appearance of characteristic energy scale $M_c$ and sliding energy scale $\mu_s$ offers a systematic way for studying the renormalization-group evolution of gauge theories in the spirit of Wilson-Kadanoff and for exploring important effects of higher dimensional interaction terms in the infrared regime.Comment: 13 pages, Revtex, extended modified version, more references adde

Research Program towards Observation of Neutrino-Nucleus Coherent Scattering

The article describes the research program pursued by the TEXONO Collaboration towards an experiment to observe coherent scattering between neutrinos and the nucleus at the power reactor. The motivations of studying this process are surveyed. In particular, a threshold of 100-200 eV has been achieved with an ultra-low-energy germanium detector prototype. This detection capability at low energy can also be adapted to conduct searches of Cold Dark Matter in the low-mass region as well as to enhance the sensitivities in the study of neutrino magnetic moments.Comment: 5 pages, 8 figures ; Proceedings of TAUP-2005 Workshop, Spain, 2005. Updated on 2006/9/15 for Proceedings of Neutrino-2006 Conference, Santa Fe, 200

Dynamic Manipulation of Friction in Smart Textile Composites of Liquid-Crystal Elastomers

Smart surfaces that reversibly change the interfacial friction coefficients in response to external stimuli enable a wide range of applications, such as grips, seals, brake pads, packaging films, and fabrics. Here a new concept of such a smart frictional system is reported: a composite film of a plain-weave polyester textile sheet, and a thermo-responsive nematic liquid crystalline elastomer (LCE). The composite is deployed with retractable micro-undulations of the elastomer inside each weave mesh, enabling dramatic changes of the contact interface with the opposing surface on LCE actuation, which is induced e.g. by a change in temperature (T). At ambient T, the protruding viscoelastic parts of LCE in the nematic phase make contact with the opposing flat surface, resulting in a very high friction. At an elevated T (50C, isotropic phase), the undulations of LCE surface are retracted within the thickness of the textile, and the contacts are limited to small regions around overlapping textile fibers, lowering the friction dramatically. This effect is fully reversible on heating/cooling cycles. The surface undulations are spontaneous, i.e. fabricated without any lithographic or alignment techniques. The present composite opens a new way to practical uses of sheets/films with switchable friction enabled by stimuli-responsive LCEs.ERC H2020 AdG No. 786659 JSPS KAKENHI under Grant No. JP17K1886

Rank-based image watermarking method with high embedding capacity and robustness

This paper presents a novel rank-based method for image watermarking. In the watermark embedding process, the host image is divided into blocks, followed by the 2-D discrete cosine transform (DCT). For each image block, a secret key is employed to randomly select a set of DCT coefficients suitable for watermark embedding. Watermark bits are inserted into an image block by modifying the set of DCT coefficients using a rank-based embedding rule. In the watermark detection process, the corresponding detection matrices are formed from the received image using the secret key. Afterward, the watermark bits are extracted by checking the ranks of the detection matrices. Since the proposed watermarking method only uses two DCT coefficients to hide one watermark bit, it can achieve very high embedding capacity. Moreover, our method is free of host signal interference. This desired feature and the usage of an error buffer in watermark embedding result in high robustness against attacks. Theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method

Ion-matter interactions by MD simulations making use of reactive force fields

In the field of SIMS, ion-matter interactions have been largely investigated by numerical simulations like TRIM (or other programs using the binary-collision approximation) or molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. For MD simulations related to inorganic samples, mostly classical force fields assuming stable bonding structure have been used. In materials science, level-three force fields capable of simulating the breaking and formation of chemical bonds have recently been conceived. One such force field has been developed by Kieffer et al. 1–4 This potential includes directional covalent bonds, Coulomb and dipolar interaction terms, dispersion terms, etc. Important features of this force field for simulating systems that undergo significant structural reorganization are: (i) the ability to account for the redistribution of electron density upon ionization, formation, or breaking of bonds, through a charge transfer term; and (ii) the fact that the angular constraints dynamically adjust when a change in the coordination number of an atom occurs. In this work, we will present preliminary results of this potential, parameterized for silicon, for the simulation of atomic trajectories in samples subject to ion bombardment. Compared to normal force fields, ion-matter interactions as well as the sputtering of matter are expected to be described more accurately, especially when using reactive primary ions (oxygen or cesium) at low-impact energies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/79412/1/3427_ftp.pd

Role of electromagnetic dipole operator in the electroweak penguin dominated vector meson decays of BB meson

The pure annihilation type decays $B^0_d\to\phi\gamma$ and $B_s\to\rho\gamma$ receive only color suppressed penguin contributions with a very small branching ratio in the standard model. When we include the previously neglected electromagnetic dipole operator, the branching ratios can be enhanced one order magnitude larger than previous study using QCD factorization approach. That is ${\cal BR}(\bar B^0_d\to\phi\gamma)\simeq 1 \times 10^{-11}$ and ${\cal BR}(B_s\to\rho\gamma) \sim (6-16)\times 10^{-10}$. The new effect can also give a large contribution, of order $10^{-9}$, to transverse polarization of $B\to\phi\rho$ and $B\to \omega\phi$ which is comparable to the longitudinal part. These effects can be detected in the LHCb experiment and the Super-B factories.Comment: Revised extensively. 8 pages, 4 figure