Phenolic Compound Profiles in Grape Skins of Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah and Marselan Cultivated in the Shacheng Area (China)

The phenolic compounds in the grape skins of Cabernet Sauvignon (CS), Merlot (ML), Syrah (SY) and Marselan (MS) from Shacheng, in China, were compared using HPLC-MS/MS. The results showed that the types and levels of phenolic compounds varied greatly with cultivars. Malvidin derivatives were the main anthocyanins. CS and ML showed a higher content of malvidin-3-O-(6-O-acetyl)-glucoside than malvidin-3-O-(trans-6-O- coumaryl)-glucoside, while SY and MS differed from CS and ML. ML had higher delphinidin and cyanidin derivatives, SY had higher peonidin derivatives, while malvidin and petunidin were higher in MS. The total content of flavonols, flavan-3-ols, phenolic acids and stilbenes in grape skins showed no difference among CS, ML and MS. Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside (CS, ML, MY), quercetin-3O-glucoside (SY), procyanidin trimer (SY, MS), procyanidin dimer (CS, ML), syringetin-3-O-glucoside, trans-cinnamic acid and resveratrol were the most abundant non-anthocyanin phenolic compounds. Cluster analysis showed that CS and ML, and SY and MS had similar phenolic profiles

Protein sequence and structure: Is one more fundamental than the other?

We argue that protein native state structures reside in a novel "phase" of matter which confers on proteins their many amazing characteristics. This phase arises from the common features of all globular proteins and is characterized by a sequence-independent free energy landscape with relatively few low energy minima with funnel-like character. The choice of a sequence that fits well into one of these predetermined structures facilitates rapid and cooperative folding. Our model calculations show that this novel phase facilitates the formation of an efficient route for sequence design starting from random peptides.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, to appear in J. Stat. Phy

PAREJA [Material gráfico]

ADQUIRIDA POR EL COLECCIONISTA EN LAS PALMAS G.C.FOTO DE SEÑORA SENTDA EN SILLA CON CABALLERO DE PIE A SU LADOCopia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 201

Changes of Climate-Vegetation Ecosystem in Loess Plateau of China

AbstractThe change of terrestrial ecosystem spatial distribution driven by climatic change is one of important factors leading to soil erosion in Loess Plateau. The quantitative analysis of climate change impacting on vegetation ecosystem will afford the efficient data to support the implement of reasonability ecological restoration project. HLZ ecosystem model is employed to simulate the changes of climate-vegetation ecosystem in Loess Plateau during the periods from 1964 to 1974 (C1), from 1975 to 1985 (C2), from 1986 to 1996 (C3), and from 1997 to 2007(C4) on spatial resolution of 1km×1km. Combining the elevation data, the results show that there are 15 types of climate-vegetation ecosystem in which the cool temperate steppe, cool temperate moist forest and warm temperate are the major climate-vegetation types which respectively occupied the 82.73%, 83.19%, 82.86% during the periods from C1 to C4, and 79.77% of the sum area of Loess Plateau. The most types of moist climate-vegetation ecosystems have decreased since C1 period, especially the area of nival area, alpine wet tundra and alpine rain tundra have rapidly decreased during the four periods. Furthermore, the average distribution elevation of all climate-vegetation ecosystems distribution are on the increase except warm temperate thorn steppe, especially the average distribution elevation of alpine rain tundra, boreal wet forest, cool temperate scrub and warm temperate dry forest have continuously increased during the four periods