The Influence of Water Flow Characteristics on the Physical and Mechanical Qualities of Underwater Wet Welded A36 Marine Steel Plate

Underwater welding has proven to be a successful method of joining two similar or dissimilar metals and takes place underwater. This technique is frequently used for maintenance purposes, such as repairing piping systems, ships, and other marine structures. This study investigates the effect of different water flow types on an underwater weld’s physical and mechanical properties of welded bead on the A36 steel plate. The SMAW method with an E7018 electrode is used for welding A36 steel in saltwater. In this simulation, underwater welding is performed using three types of flow (without flow, non-uniform flow with a baffle plate, and non-uniform flow without a baffle plate) to compare metallography, hardness, tensile, impact, and bending testing results. The findings revealed that the saltwater flow caused more porosity defects. Moreover, the highest penetration depth was observed in specimens with the non-uniform flow with a baffle plate. The heat energy is concentrated due to droplets accumulating in the weld area. The microstructure of welding metals such as acicular ferrite and ferrite with the second phase grows as the water flow becomes non-uniform. Furthermore, as the rate and variability of the water flow increased, the value of the mechanical properties of the specimens increased relatively