Boletín de Segovia: Número 24 - 1892 febrero 24

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Cultura. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 200

A new era in fintech payment innovations? A perspective from the institutions and regulation of payment systems

This article analyses the existing institutions and infrastructure for payments. Authoritative settlement based on central bank support is seen as being essential for both large value and retail payment systems; and, in the EU, UK, and US, the importance of regulating for the protection of consumers who use retail payment systems is recognised. In this institutional context, payment innovations (including Bitcoin and distributed ledger or autonomous organisation technologies) are assessed. It is suggested that, while competition at certain levels is likely to bring social benefits through commercial developments, the maintenance of public interest objectives necessarily delineates the scope of competition. While this might limit the disruptive impact of payment innovations, it is argued that, in the light of the public policy needs for a stable and efficient public infrastructure and the social needs of confidence and trust in a predictable and regulated payment system that meets commercial and social expectations such as in consumer protection, this is not necessarily undesirable

Migration as a risk for security. Risk frames in the Italian news on the Libya war and its aftermath

Di fronte a crisi e conflitti internazionali che ridefiniscono i movimenti migratori verso l’Europa, esaminare la rappresentazione delle migrazioni nei mezzi di comunicazione può essere di grande utilità per comprendere come i rischi per la sicurezza sono percepiti, valutati e messi in connessione nel discorso pubblico. L’autrice offre un contributo in questa direzione attraverso l’analisi del framing delle notizie della stampa italiana durante e dopo l’intervento internazionale in Libia (2011-2012). Pur se molteplici aspetti della relazione migrazioni-sicurezza coesistono nei media, l’analisi automatica del contenuto degli articoli di cinque quotidiani nazionali consente di evidenziare la prevalenza di un frame delle migrazioni come rischio per i paesi di destinazione. L’enfasi su questioni di sicurezza come il terrorismo, la criminalità e l’ordine pubblico, inoltre, contribuiscono a caratterizzare le migrazioni come una vera e propria minaccia, riaffermando la dominanza di un discorso noi-centrico e securitario sul fenomeno migratorio.As crises and conflicts in the Middle East and across Africa reshape migration flows to Europe, looking how migration are represented in the media is of crucial importance to understand how multiple risks to security are understood, evaluated and connected to each other in the public discourse. The author contributes to this effort by analysing the framing of migration risks in the Italian press in a two-year period during and following the international military intervention in Libya in 2011. The examination of frames concerning various security risks through automated content analysis, allows to assess the relative relevance of a migration-as-a-risk frame in the press coverage. Albeit frames dealing with different aspects of the security-migration binomial coexist, the author shows how those concerned with direct threats to destination societies are the most frequent, thus revealing the dominance of a we-centric discourse over migration in the media

Additional file 6: of Evolution of the avian β-defensin and cathelicidin genes

List of primate genes used in analyses with Genbank accession numbers. (XLSX 11 kb

Additional file 8: of Evolution of the avian β-defensin and cathelicidin genes

Phylogenetic trees of avian β-defensin and cathelicidin genes. Branches with evidence suggesting episodic diversifying selection are highlighted in red. (PDF 1444 kb

Stability of aerobic granular sludge for treating inorganic wastewater with different nitrogen loading rates

This paper investigated the effect of nitrogen loading rates (NLRs) on stability of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) for treating simulated ionic rare earth mine wastewater with high ammonia nitrogen and extremely low organic content. Mature AGS from a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was seeded into five identical SBRs (R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5). The five reactors were operated with different NLRs (0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 kg/m3·d). After 30 days of operation, R1, R2 and R5 were dominated by broken granules, while most of the granules in R3 and R4 still maintained a complete structure. The properties of granules from R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 deteriorated to varying degrees, while the granules from R3 and R4 showed better stability than that from R1, R2 and R5. In R1, R2, R3 and R4, the steady-state ammonia nitrogen removal efficiencies were all greater than 90%, and the steady-state removal efficiencies of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) were approximately 30%. In R5, the removal efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen and TIN were both approximately 70%. The dominant nitrifying and denitrifying bacterial genera of the granules from the five reactors were Nitrosomonas and Thauera, respectively, and their relative abundance was much higher in granules from R3 and R4. The results demonstrated that a relative equilibrium between the growth and metabolism of nitrifying/denitrifying bacteria was achieved when NLR was between 0.8 and 1.2 kg/m3·d, which could provide technical support for the stability maintenance of AGS in the treatment of ionic rare earth mine wastewater.</p

Supplementary Table 6. Gene ontology (GO) biological processes enriched in DFT1.CIITA from Class II transactivator induces expression of MHC-I and MHC-II in transmissible Tasmanian devil facial tumours

MHC-I and MHC-II molecules are critical components of antigen presentation and T cell immunity to pathogens and cancer. The two monoclonal transmissible devil facial tumours (DFT1, DFT2) exploit MHC-I pathways to overcome immunological anti-tumour and allogeneic barriers. This exploitation underpins the ongoing transmission of DFT cells across the wild Tasmanian devil population. We have previously shown that the overexpression of NLRC5 in DFT1 and DFT2 cells can regulate components of the MHC-I pathway but not MHC-II, establishing the stable upregulation of MHC-I on the cell surface. As MHC-II molecules are crucial for CD4+ T cell activation, MHC-II expression in tumour cells is beginning to gain traction in the field of immunotherapy and cancer vaccines. The overexpression of Class II transactivator in transfected DFT1 and DFT2 cells induced the transcription of several genes of the MHC-I and MHC-II pathways. This was further supported by the upregulation of MHC-I protein on DFT1 and DFT2 cells, but interestingly MHC-II protein was upregulated only in DFT1 cells. This new insight into the regulation of MHC-I and MHC-II pathways in cells that naturally overcome allogeneic barriers can inform vaccine, immunotherapy and tissue transplant strategies for human and veterinary medicine

Understanding the Effect of Ligands on C₂H₂ Storage and C₂H₂/CH₄, C₂H₂/CO₂ Separation in Metal–Organic Frameworks with Open Cu(II) Sites

Safe and efficient storage and separation of acetylene pose a significant challenge in industry. In this study, we investigated 11 open Cu­(II) site (OCS)-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) formed by various organic ligands for their C₂H₂ adsorption capacities and their C₂H₂/CO₂, C₂H₂/CH₄ separation performance using both grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our simulations revealed that both OCSs and organic ligands of the MOFs play key roles in promoting C₂H₂ storage capacity and the separation of C₂H₂ over CH₄ and CO₂ under 2 bar. Judicious selection of organic ligands with suitable dimensions and functional sites, such as methyl group, Lewis basic nitrogen site, and fluorine group, can facilitate C₂H₂ adsorption in addition to OCS and help distinguish C₂H₂ from CH₄ and CO₂. Short ligands presented in the MOFs, such as MOF-505 which gives the highest volumetric C₂H₂ storage capacity under 2 bar, not only increase the density of OCSs but also create overlapped interaction regions for guest molecules. GCMC simulation results suggested that NOTT-106 had the second highest volumetric C₂H₂ storage capacity because of its methyl functionalized ligands. DFT calculations however suggested that the Lewis basic nitrogen functionalized ligand of ZJU-40 might have a stronger affinity with C₂H₂ than that of NOTT-106, which indicated that C₂H₂ storage capacity in ZJU-40 should be better than that in NOTT-106. In contrast, MOF-505, ZJU-40, and NOTT-108 showed excellent C₂H₂/CH₄ separation performance as well as modest C₂H₂/CO₂ separation capability

Comparison of our results with those from other studies.

<p>Comparison of our results with those from other studies.</p

Quantization for each level of risk factor.

<p>Quantization for each level of risk factor.</p