Correlation between meridional migration of the East Asian jet stream and tropical convection over Indonesia in winter

The relationship between tropical convective activities and meridional (north-south) migration of the East Asian jet stream (EAJS) in winter (December-February) is investigated for improving our knowledge of processes affecting the meridional migration of the EAJS. The monthly mean fields of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) produced by NCAR and monthly atmospheric circulations produced by the NCEP/NCAR are used in this study. For 31 winter seasons between 1980 and 2011, the meridional migration of the winter EAJS is found to be strongly correlated with the present and preceding conditions of tropical convection over Indonesia. The anomalies in the tropical convection over the region in the preceding autumn and even preceding summer are a very useful indicator for the abnormal meridional migration of the wintertime EAJS. When the tropical convection over Indonesia weakens (strengthens), the EAJS has an abnormal southward (northward) migration. The atmospheric circulation associated with the abnormal meridional migration of the EAJS features abnormal air temperatures over the EAJS and its south side. The center of abnormal air temperatures occurs over the region south of the Yangtze River. Abnormal air pressures generated by abnormal air temperatures lead to abnormal winds. In the case of weakened tropical convection (positive OLR anomaly) over Indonesia, ascending motion of air mass over Indonesia is reduced, and the strength of Hadley circulation is weakened over the meridional range of the western Pacific Ocean. Consequently, the high-level air mass to the south of the core of the EAJS abnormally ascends and cools and the nearly southerly divergent winds at high-altitudes weaken, leading to significant reduction of heat transport from tropics to the southern China, with negative anomalies of air temperatures in the EAJS and its south side. The above processes increase thermal winds to the south of the Yangtze River and enhance the high-level westerly winds. To the north of the Yangtze River, both thermal winds and the high-level westerly winds are reduced. As a result, the EAJS has an abnormal south migration. In the case of enhanced tropical convection (negative OLR anomaly) over Indonesia, the opposite happens, in which Hadley circulation strengthens, the air mass to the south of the core of the EAJS abnormally descends and warms, heat transport increases from tropics to the southern China with positive air temperatures anomalies over the EAJS and its south side, and the EAJS has an abnormal northward migration

Impact of the Westerly Jet on Rainfall/Runoff in the Source Region of the Yangtze River during the Flood Season

Based on runoff data collected at the Zhimenda station, reanalysis data from the National Centers of Environmental Prediction/National Centers of Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR), and observation data from ground stations in China, this study analyzes the characteristics of changes in runoff in the source region of the Yangtze River (SRYR) during the flood season (from July to September), the relationship between runoff and antecedent rainfall, and the impact of the westerly jet (WJ) on rainfall in the coastal zone of the SRYR. The results show the following. The runoff in the SRYR displays a significant interannual and interdecadal variability. The runoff in the SRYR during the flood season is most closely related to 15-day (June 16 to September 15) antecedent rainfall in the coastal zone of the SRYR. In turn, the antecedent rainfall in the coastal zone of the SRYR is mainly affected by the intensity of the simultaneous WJ over a key region (55–85°E, 45–55°N). When the intensity of the WJ over the key region is greater (less) than normal, the jet position moves northward (southward), and the easterly (westerly) wind anomalies over the region to the west of the SRYR become unfavorable (favorable) to the transport of water vapor from high-latitude regions to the SRYR. In addition, the southerly wind over the equatorial region cannot (can) easily advance northward, which is unfavorable (favorable) to the northward transport of water vapor from the low-latitude ocean. Hence, these conditions result in a decrease (increase) in the water vapor content in the SRYR. Furthermore, the convergence (divergence) anomalies in the upper level and the divergence (convergence) anomalies in the lower level result in the descending (ascending) motion over the SRYR. These factors decrease (increase) the rainfall, thereby decreasing (increasing) the runoff in the SRYR during the flood season