Jerusalem artichoke—one of the best biomass feedstock for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF) production

Jerusalem artichoke—one of the best biomass feedstock for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF) productio

壳寡糖通过阻断p38 MAPK磷酸化增加蛋白O-GlcNAc修饰保护人单核细胞U937遭受LPS诱导的炎症损伤

To investigate the effects of Chitosan oligosaccharides(COS) with different degree of polymerization(DP) on LPS-induced inflammation, U937 human monocytes were cultured with DP2-8(COS-A) and DP7-15(COS-B) respectively, which were prepared by our group. The results showed that both kinds of COS demonstrated obviously anti-inflammatory effects against LPS-induced over-expression of TNF-α and IL-8. Signal transduction studies indicated COS-A and COS-B efficiently down-regulated LPS-induced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. In several documented instances, phosphorylation and O-GlcNAc modification are reciprocal, occurring at the same or adjacent hydroxyl moieties. In this study, we also find COS-A and COS -B could significantly increase O-GlcNAc modification of proteins in LPS-induced U937 monocytes. Finally, we postulate that COS-A and COS-B may have anti-inflammatory effects via suppression of the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-8, regulated by p38 MAPK pathways and O-GlcNAcylation of proteins.To investigate the effects of Chitosan oligosaccharides(COS) with different degree of polymerization(DP) on LPS-induced inflammation, U937 human monocytes were cultured with DP2-8(COS-A) and DP7-15(COS-B) respectively, which were prepared by our group. The results showed that both kinds of COS demonstrated obviously anti-inflammatory effects against LPS-induced over-expression of TNF-α and IL-8. Signal transduction studies indicated COS-A and COS-B efficiently down-regulated LPS-induced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. In several documented instances, phosphorylation and O-GlcNAc modification are reciprocal, occurring at the same or adjacent hydroxyl moieties. In this study, we also find COS-A and COS -B could significantly increase O-GlcNAc modification of proteins in LPS-induced U937 monocytes. Finally, we postulate that COS-A and COS-B may have anti-inflammatory effects via suppression of the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-8, regulated by p38 MAPK pathways and O-GlcNAcylation of proteins

β-1,3-glucan oligosaccharides triggered quicker defense reactions than high degree of polymerization in tobacco

Chemically hydrolyzed curdlan oligosaccharides (CRDO), low degree of polymerization (DP) of β-1,3-glucan, were prepared to compare with Laminaran (Lam) with high DP for discussing the difference on defense-inducing activity in tobacco. Fast response defenses such as extracellular pH shift, H2O2 production, nitric oxide （NO） release and stomatal movement under light as well as the protection against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were performed. CRDO triggered faster extracellular alkalinization than Lam. Refractory states analysis showed there existed different perception modes between β-1,3-glucan and chitosan oligosaccharides (COS). Elicitors induced cells to generate NO probably via nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathway. Moreover, CRDO exhibited more intensive than Lam in stomatal movement. However, protection against TMV implied Lam played a longer term role than CRDO in defense responses. Therefore, we concluded β-1,3-glucan with low DP played a vital role in rapid responses, whereas high DP β-1,3-glucan displayed durable effects.Chemically hydrolyzed curdlan oligosaccharides (CRDO), low degree of polymerization (DP) of β-1,3-glucan, were prepared to compare with Laminaran (Lam) with high DP for discussing the difference on defense-inducing activity in tobacco. Fast response defenses such as extracellular pH shift, H2O2 production, nitric oxide （NO） release and stomatal movement under light as well as the protection against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were performed. CRDO triggered faster extracellular alkalinization than Lam. Refractory states analysis showed there existed different perception modes between β-1,3-glucan and chitosan oligosaccharides (COS). Elicitors induced cells to generate NO probably via nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathway. Moreover, CRDO exhibited more intensive than Lam in stomatal movement. However, protection against TMV implied Lam played a longer term role than CRDO in defense responses. Therefore, we concluded β-1,3-glucan with low DP played a vital role in rapid responses, whereas high DP β-1,3-glucan displayed durable effects