Мониторинг радиационной обстановки на территории Воронежской области

The purpose of the study was to assess the doses of personnel and the population at the expense of all the main activities and sources of radiation in the territory of the Voronezh region. The data of the forms of state statistical supervision No. 1-DOZ “Information on the doses of personnel from persons under normal use of technogenic sources of ionizing radiation”, No. 3-DOZ “Information on radiation doses of patients during X-ray radiology studies”), No. 4-DOZ “Information on radiation doses of the population due to natural and technogenically altered background” for 2010-2016 and the radiation and hygienic passport of the territory of the Voronezh Region. Based on the results of monitoring the radiation situation, the situation associated with the impact of ionizing radiation sources in the Voronezh Region has been characterized as safe for the past 7 years. The average annual effective dose per 1 inhabitant due to all ionizing radiation remains stable with a slight upward trend and lies in the range from 2.925 (2010) to 3.399 mSv (2016). In the structure of the collective dose of the population of the Voronezh region, the dose from natural sources is 83.65%, from medical sources – 16.06%, from technogenically changed background radiation, including global fallout and accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant – 0.18%, from the activities of enterprises using Sources of ionizing radiation – 0.11%. The average annual effective dose of natural exposure to humans varies from 0.660 to 0.704 mSv / year, natural radiation from radon from 0.832 to 1.465 mSv / year. The average effective dose from medical research for the procedure for the study period was 0.27-0.40 mSv and tends to decrease due to the introduction of modern low-dose medical diagnostic equipment. On the territory of the Voronezh region, there were no population groups with an effective radiation dose exceeding 5 mSv / year. Gamma-background in the region in 2010-2016. Did not exceed the natural level and amounted to 0.08 – 0.16 μSv / h. The excess of hygienic standards for the effects of ionizing radiation sources on humans has not been recorded.Целью исследования являлась оценка доз облучения персонала и населения за счет всех основных видов деятельности и источников облучения на территории Воронежской области. Использованы данные форм государственного статистического наблюдения №1-ДОЗ «Сведения о дозах облучения лиц из персонала в условиях нормальной эксплуатации техногенных источников ионизирующих излучений», № 3-ДОЗ «Сведения о дозах облучения пациентов при проведении рентгено-радиологических исследований», № 4-ДОЗ «Сведения о дозах облучения населения за счет естественного и техногенно измененного фона» за 2010–2016 гг. и радиационно-гигиенического паспорта территории Воронежской области. По результатам мониторинга радиационной обстановки ситуация, связанная с воздействием источников ионизирующего излучения в Воронежской области на протяжении последних 7 лет характеризуется как безопасная. Величина средней годовой эффективной дозы на 1 жителя за счет всех видов ионизирующего излучения остается стабильной с небольшой тенденцией увеличения и лежит в интервале от 2,925 (2010 г.) до 3,399 мЗв (2016 г.). В структуре коллективной дозы населения Воронежской области доза от природных источников составля-ет 83,65%, от медицинских – 16,06%, от техногенно измененного радиационного фона, включая глобальные выпадения и аварию на Чернобыльской АЭС – 0,18%, от деятельности предприятий, использующих источники ионизирующего излучения, – 0,11%. Средняя годовая эффективная доза природного облучения человека варьирует от 0,660 до 0,704 мЗв/год, природного облучения человека от радона – от 0,832 до 1,465 мЗв/год. Средняя эффективная доза от медицинских исследований за процедуру за период исследования составляла 0,27–0,40 мЗв и имеет тенденцию к снижению за счет внедрения современного малодозового медицинского диагностического оборудования. На территории Воронежской области отсутствовали группы населения с эффективной дозой облучения свыше 5 мЗв/год. Гамма-фон на территории области в 2010–2016 гг. не превысил естественного уровня и составил 0,08–0,16 мкЗв/ч. Превышений гигиенических нормативов воздействия источников ионизирующего излучения на человека не зарегистрировано

ОЦЕНКА ПОСЛЕДСТВИЙ РАДИАЦИОННОГО ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИИ ВОРОНЕЖСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ ЗА ТРИДЦАТИЛЕТНИЙ ПЕРИОД ПОСЛЕ ЧЕРНОБЫЛЬСКОЙ КАТАСТРОФЫ

The study aimed at radiation contamination impact assessment due to the 1986 Chernobyl accident in Voronezh Region territory more than 600 kilometers away from the ground zero. The major Chernobyl accident impact assessment indicators were the characteristics of 137Cs and 90Sr radionuclides’ soil surface contamination (Ci/km2) as well as the average annual effective dose of critical population group ( mSv/year) over 1986–2014. The Population oncological morbidity indicators were analyzed (all malignant neoplasms, including those in thyroid gland, lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue) in the territories contrastingly differing on the levels of radiation factor impact. The study covered the period of 2010–2014.It was established that for Voronezh Region territories referred to as the post- Chernobyl radioactively contaminated zone over 29 years period the maximum soil surface contamination by 137Cs and 90Sr radionuclides reduced by 1.90 and 1.91 times (from 3,15 Ci/km2 to 1,66 Ci/km2 and from 0,063 Ci/km2 to 0,0033 Ci/km2, respectively).Currently the relationship was not found between the radioactive contamination density in Voronezh Region and the levels of malignant neoplasms for the local residents.The present situation related to radiation factor impact on Voronezh Region territories remains stable and safe. Mindful of the indicators results the assessment of ionizing sources impact did not identify any exceeding the normative values.Целью исследования являлась оценка последствий радиационного загрязнения от Чернобыльской катастрофы 1986 г. на территории Воронежской области, удаленной от эпицентра более чем на 600 км. Основными показателями для оценки воздействия Чернобыльской аварии на территорию Воронежской области были выбраны характеристики поверхностной загрязненности почвы радионуклидами 137Cs и 90Sr (Ки/км2), а также среднегодовая эффективная доза критической группы населения (мЗв/год) за 1986–2014 гг. Выполнен анализ показателей онкологической заболеваемости населения (все злокачественные новообразования, в том числе щитовидной железы, лимфатической и кроветворной ткани) на территориях, контрастных по уровням воздействия радиационного фактора за 2010–2014 гг.Установлено, что для территорий Воронежской области, отнесенных к зоне радиоактивного загрязнения вследствие катастрофы на Чернобыльской АЭС, за двадцатидевятилетний период произошло снижение максимальных значений поверхностной загрязненности почвы радионуклидами 137Cs и 90Sr 1,90 и 1,91 раз (с 3,15 до 1,66 Ки/км2 и с 0,063 до 0,0033 Ки/км2 соответственно).В настоящее время связи между плотностью радиоактивного загрязнения территорий Воронежской области и уровнем злокачественных новообразований у населения, проживающего на них, не установлено.Ситуация, связанная с воздействием радиационного фактора, на территории Воронежской области в настоящее время остается стабильной и безопасной. По результатам оценки показателей, характеризующих уровень воздействия источников ионизирующего излучения, превышений нормативов не зарегистрировано

Detection of IgM, IgG and IgA against pertussis in pregnant women in I - II - III trimesters

Purpose: to investigate the level anti-pertussis IgM, IgG, IgA in pregnant women in the I — II — III trimesters. Materials and methods. A total of 288 pregnant women aged. 17 — 43 years (in the I — II — III trimesters) were examined. A serums samples tested for IgM, IgG, IgA against pertussis by ELISA of RIDASCREEN (Germany). Results. Anti-pertussis IgG concentration below the low limit of detection occurred in 75,7% of pregnant women. The majority of seropositive among pregnant women was in the age group 26 — 35 years (82,9%). The proportion of seronegative among pregnant women increased. with increasing pregnancy periods, as well as depending on age. In III trimester IgG were detected in 18,2% of pregnant women. The most seronegative among pregnant women were in the III trimester and at the age of over 36 years old. The detection of IgM, IgG and IgA made it possible to detect the active infection process in 11 (3,9%) pregnant women by elevated level of IgA. High IgA level only in combination with IgM was in serum sample from 1 pregnant woman, high IgA level in combination with IgG at negative values of IgM was in serum samples from 8 pregnant woman. Only IgA in serum sample from 2 pregnant women (I and III trimesters of pregnancy) were detected. This is probably due to the presence of whooping cough or mucosal contamination with B.pertussis (persisting IgA). Conclusion. The serological studies have shown the need to develop algorithms for protecting newborns — from, the moment pregnant women are registered, to the onset of childbirth. These algorithms will provide information about on the presence of whooping cough and will help prevent infection of the newborn

ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ДОЗ ОБЛУЧЕНИЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ВОРОНЕЖСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ ЗА СЧЕТ ЕСТЕСТВЕННОГО И ТЕХНОГЕННО ИЗМЕНЕННОГО ФОНА

The purpose of the study was to estimate the doses to the Voronezh region population from natural sources of ionizing radiation and the technologically altered background in the territory of Voronezh Region. The data of forms of state statistical observation No. 4-DOZ “Information on the doses of population exposure due to natural and technologically altered background” for 20102017 and the radiation and hygienic passport of the territory of the Voronezh Region were used. The average annual per caput effective dose due to all types of ionizing radiation remains stable with a slight upward trend and lies in the range from 2.925 (2010) to 3.656 mSv (2017). Natural sources are the main dose-forming factors for the population. Their annual contribution to the annual effective dose ranges from 74.96 to 83.65%. The leading contribution to the total dose from natural sources is the exposure due to the inhalation of radon isotopes: it ranges from 37.6 to 51.1%. In second place,there is the share of external exposure from sources of terrigenous origin, which ranges from 21.2 to 28.9% of the total dose. The average annual effective dose of natural exposure to humans varies from 2,355 to 2,980 mSv / year, the exposure from radon – from 0,83 to 1,65 mSv / year. The dose from technogenic-altered radiation background, including global radioactive fallout due to atmospheric nuclear tests and due to past radiation accidents are insignificant (0,062 mSv / year). Its annual contribution to the total dose is less than 2%. Based on the results of the assessment of the indicators characterizing the level of exposure of sources of ionizing radiation to natural and technogenic-altered radiation background, no excess of radiation safety standards has been recorded. The situation associated with exposure to ionizing radiation sources in the Voronezh region has been described as safe for the last 8 years.Целью исследования являлась оценка доз облучения населения от природных источников ионизирующего излучения и техногенно измененного фона на территории Воронежской области. Использованы данные форм государственного статистического наблюдения № 4-ДОЗ «Сведения о дозах облучения населения за счет естественного и техногенно измененного фона» за 2010–2017 гг. и радиационно-гигиенического паспорта территории Воронежской области. Величина средней годовой эффективной дозы на 1 жителя за счет всех видов ионизирующего излучения остается стабильной с небольшой тенденцией к увеличению и лежит в интервале от 2,925 (2010 г.) до 3,656 мЗв (2017 г.). Природные источники являются основными дозообразующими факторами для населения. Их ежегодный вклад в годовую эффективную дозу составляет от 74,96 до 83,65%. Ведущий вклад в суммарную дозу облучения от природных источников вносит облучение за счет ингаляции изотопов радона от 37,6 до 51,1%. На втором месте – доля внешнего облучения от источников терригенного происхождения, которая составляет от 21,2 до 28,9% от суммарной дозы. Средняя годовая эффективная доза природного облучения человека варьирует от 2,355 до 2,980 мЗв/год, облучения от радона – от 0,83 до 1,65 мЗв/год. Дозы от техногенно измененного радиационного фона, включая глобальные радиоактивные выпадения в результате атмосферных ядерных испытаний и за счет прошлых радиационных аварий, незначительны (0,062 мЗв/год). Их ежегодный вклад в суммарную дозу составляет менее 2%. По результатам оценки показателей, характеризующих уровень воздействия источников ионизирующего излучения естественного и техногенно измененного радиационного фона, превышений нормативов радиационной безопасности не зарегистрировано. Ситуация, связанная с воздействием источников ионизирующего излучения, в Воронежской области на протяжении последних 8 лет характеризуется как безопасная

ESTIMATION AND RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE WASTE TREATMENT

In modern conditions, there are unacceptable risks of harm from exposure to hazardous chemical and biological factors for public health and the environment. The complexity and scale of environmental and hygiene problems that directly or indirectly affect the state of the nation’s health require active action on priority strategically important areas. One, of which is the waste management system, which can cope with the growing volumes and species diversity of waste. The components of the public health risk caused by the formation, accumulation, recycling, and disposal of wastes are the factors of the negative complex impact on the environment during inter-environment migration of pollutants. Solid municipal waste landfills are sources of long-term negative environmental impact due to the receipt of a highly toxic filtrate and biogas containing greenhouse gases and toxic substances. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of chemicals entering the atmospheric air from polygons with an assessment of the health risks. Studies have been conducted for a landfill located near and serving the largest urbanized area in the region. The methodology of risk assessment in accordance with R.2.1.10.1920-04 “Guidelines for the assessment of risk to public health in the impact of chemicals polluting the environment” has been applied. In the course of the study, a list of chemicals entering the atmospheric air during the life cycle and production activities of the landfill was determined based on the evaluation and analytical method. The risk assessment methodology applied in the waste management system allowed calculating of individual carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, as well as hazard indices when exposed to critical organs and systems and to develop further tactics for conducting monitoring in the areas in the zone affected by the test site.</jats:p

Personnel dose assessment due to the normal operations with the artificial radiation sources according to the data from the unified system of individual dose control (USIDC)

The aim of the study was personnel dose assessment due to the normal operations with the artificial radiation sources. The article is based on the data from the Unified System of Individual Dose Control and Voronezh Region’s radiation-hygienic passport. The data from No.1-DOZ “Information on personnel exposure doses under normal operation of technogenic ionizing radiation sources” and over a period of 2006-2010 years were analyzed. In 2006-2015, the number of organizations, which submitted form No.1-DOZ “Information on personnel exposure doses under normal operation of technogenic ionizing radiation sources”, increased from 175 to 229. In amount of the radiation facilities, Novovoronezh Nuclear Power Plant is the first. Novovoronezh NPP has 1512 sources, which amounts to 51,9% from all sources in Voronezh Region (2915). Health care facilities have 869 radiation sources or 29,8%. X-ray machines are the main part of these sources (844 health care facilities or 97,1% of all medical sources). Industrial sources occupy third place with 305 facilities or 10,5% of all considered sources. In 2015, according to the data from Voronezh Region’s radiation-hygienic passport, the number of “A” group personnel were 4237, the number of “B” group personnel were 2341. The average individual dose for personnel was over the range from 0.66 to 2.02 mSv. Collective dose was from 4.16 to 11.79 man-sieverts per year. The increase of number of the radiation sources has attended with the decrease of individual and collective doses. The most likely it is related to using the modern facilities. In 2015, the maximum value of the average individual dose of “A” group personnel was registered in Voronezh regional hospital (6.17 mSv y–1). There are medical facilities with unsealed and sealed sources in this hospital. In 2006-2015, the average individual doses of personnel of all radiation facilities that use radiation sources in Voronezh region were significantly below the dose limits established by the Radiation Safety Standards NRB-99/2009

COMPLEX EVALUATION OF CONDITIONS OF LABOR PROCESS OF EMPLOYEES OF TEST LABORATORY CENTERS

Introduction. Laboratory practice is characterized by an increased hardness of the work process. In the research presented, a complex comparative assessment of the working conditions and functional condition of the employees of the laboratory center “Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Voronezh Region” was carried out, in which a laboratory information system (LIS) is planned to be introduced into the practice. The assessment of the conditions of the labor process and the functional state of the employees was also carried out in the testing laboratory of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Tambov Region, where the LIS software operates in the regular mode. Material and methods. The study was conducted on 170 specialists of testing laboratory centers. There are given data on the assessment of the hardness and intensity of the labor process of laboratories of different types of activity at workplaces of testing laboratory centers in the Voronezh and Tambov regions. There was performed a clinical examination of specialists of testing laboratory centers on the indications of the cardiovascular system: dynamics of the heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, minute blood volume during the working day. Results. Based on a comparative analysis of the results obtained, conclusions were drawn about the peculiarities of working conditions and performance indices of employees of testing laboratory centers in the dynamics of the working week. Differences in the formation of fatigue in the specialists of laboratories for hygienic and epidemiological profiles of activity among employees of a testing laboratory center, working without an information system introduced into the professional activity, have been observed in the second half of the working day, whereas those working with a laboratory information system the state of the body is correct from the physiological positions. Discussion. The class of labor conditions for specialists in testing laboratory centers, regardless of the profile of activity according to the severity of the work process, was identified as hard work of grade 1 (3.1), the class of working conditions for the intensity of the labor process as a hard work of grade 2 (3.2). Evaluation of the functional state of the body according to the cardiovascular system testifies to a noticeable fatigue in the second half of the working day among specialists working without software and information support. Conclusions. The data obtained as a result of the research made it possible to develop and offer a complex of preventive measures aimed at optimizing working conditions for the introduction into the professional work of personnel of testing laboratory centers. As a result, additions were made to the Instruction on labor protection of specialists of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Voronezh Region.</jats:p

Monitoring of radiation situation in the territory of the Voronezh region

The purpose of the study was to assess the doses of personnel and the population at the expense of all the main activities and sources of radiation in the territory of the Voronezh region. The data of the forms of state statistical supervision No. 1-DOZ “Information on the doses of personnel from persons under normal use of technogenic sources of ionizing radiation”, No. 3-DOZ “Information on radiation doses of patients during X-ray radiology studies”), No. 4-DOZ “Information on radiation doses of the population due to natural and technogenically altered background” for 2010-2016 and the radiation and hygienic passport of the territory of the Voronezh Region. Based on the results of monitoring the radiation situation, the situation associated with the impact of ionizing radiation sources in the Voronezh Region has been characterized as safe for the past 7 years. The average annual effective dose per 1 inhabitant due to all ionizing radiation remains stable with a slight upward trend and lies in the range from 2.925 (2010) to 3.399 mSv (2016). In the structure of the collective dose of the population of the Voronezh region, the dose from natural sources is 83.65%, from medical sources – 16.06%, from technogenically changed background radiation, including global fallout and accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant – 0.18%, from the activities of enterprises using Sources of ionizing radiation – 0.11%. The average annual effective dose of natural exposure to humans varies from 0.660 to 0.704 mSv / year, natural radiation from radon from 0.832 to 1.465 mSv / year. The average effective dose from medical research for the procedure for the study period was 0.27-0.40 mSv and tends to decrease due to the introduction of modern low-dose medical diagnostic equipment. On the territory of the Voronezh region, there were no population groups with an effective radiation dose exceeding 5 mSv / year. Gamma-background in the region in 2010-2016. Did not exceed the natural level and amounted to 0.08 – 0.16 μSv / h. The excess of hygienic standards for the effects of ionizing radiation sources on humans has not been recorded

HYGIENIC EVALUATION OF EXPOSURE DOSES FOR THE VORONEZH REGION POPULATION FROM THE NATURAL AND TECHNOGENOUSLY MODIFIED BACKGROUND

The purpose of the study was to estimate the doses to the Voronezh region population from natural sources of ionizing radiation and the technologically altered background in the territory of Voronezh Region. The data of forms of state statistical observation No. 4-DOZ “Information on the doses of population exposure due to natural and technologically altered background” for 20102017 and the radiation and hygienic passport of the territory of the Voronezh Region were used. The average annual per caput effective dose due to all types of ionizing radiation remains stable with a slight upward trend and lies in the range from 2.925 (2010) to 3.656 mSv (2017). Natural sources are the main dose-forming factors for the population. Their annual contribution to the annual effective dose ranges from 74.96 to 83.65%. The leading contribution to the total dose from natural sources is the exposure due to the inhalation of radon isotopes: it ranges from 37.6 to 51.1%. In second place,there is the share of external exposure from sources of terrigenous origin, which ranges from 21.2 to 28.9% of the total dose. The average annual effective dose of natural exposure to humans varies from 2,355 to 2,980 mSv / year, the exposure from radon – from 0,83 to 1,65 mSv / year. The dose from technogenic-altered radiation background, including global radioactive fallout due to atmospheric nuclear tests and due to past radiation accidents are insignificant (0,062 mSv / year). Its annual contribution to the total dose is less than 2%. Based on the results of the assessment of the indicators characterizing the level of exposure of sources of ionizing radiation to natural and technogenic-altered radiation background, no excess of radiation safety standards has been recorded. The situation associated with exposure to ionizing radiation sources in the Voronezh region has been described as safe for the last 8 years

Review of radiation incidents in the territory of the Voronezh region

The aim of the work was to characterize the radiation incidents that took place in the territory of the Voronezh region. Materials and methods. To prepare this article the stock data of the radiological laboratory of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Voronezh Region for 2009-2018 was used. All measurements in the investigation of radiation incidents were carried out with the MKS-AT1117M dosimeter-radiometer which passed the state calibration. The equivalent dose rate of gamma radiation (μSv/h) was determined. Results. For the last 10 years, 8 radiation incidents were registered on the territory of the Voronezh region, which were related to domestic clocks - 4 (measurements according to citizens), the detection of orphan sources of ionizing findings - 2, scrap metal - 1 and a thermometer - 1 (during customs inspection). According to the classification of emergencies, the radiation incidents are local, i.e. do not go beyond the territory of the facility, according to the international scale of nuclear and radiological events, INES refer to the incident (anomalies) with the level 1 “minor problems with the safety of components, a radioactive source of low activity level”. All interactions in the investigation of radioactive incidents involving specialists from the radiological laboratory of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Voronezh region with other services showed a good level of rapid response.</jats:p