Features of micro- and ultrastructure of low-fat butter and its low-fat analogues

The aim of the research was to study the features of the structure of low-fat butter and butter pastes, which, in terms of composition and properties, more fully meet the requirements of a healthy diet than high-fat types of butter. The objects of research were: butter with fat content of 72.5%; butter with fat content of 55% made with the addition of skimmed milk powder; butter of the same fat content with the addition of stabilizers based on guar and xanthan gums and emulsifiers based on monoand diglycerides of fatty acids; butter pastes with fat content of 45% with similar additives used to increase the stability of the process of butter formation and improve the texture. The microstructure was studied using an MBI-6 microscope, and the ultramicrostructure was studied using a Phillips electron microscope. In the first case, the sample was prepared by crushing the sample, in the second one — by the method of ultrafast freeze-fracture and etching. Researches have shown that the use of the introduced ingredients improves the homogeneity of the structure of the studied products. Due to the ability of milk proteins and stabilizers to retain moisture, it is more evenly distributed and well retained in the fat matrix of the product, formed from crystalline and liquid fat in the form of a continuous phase, which is confirmed by a sufficient penetration depth of the fat-soluble dye. Plasma droplets in butter with fat content of 72.5% and 55% are more isolated than in butter pastes, as indicated by the greater penetration depth of the water-soluble dye. The average diameter of isolated moisture droplets in low-fat products was 3.3–5.4 μm, and the average diameter of the fat globules that form the basis of the crystalline framework was 5.4–7.4 μm, depending on the composition of the product. For butter with fat content of 72.5%, the values of these indicators were 2.8 and 4.0 μm. The results of the study indicate the presence of differences in the sizes of structural elements, but at the same time confirm the uniformity of the structure of low-fat products, allowing them to be attributed to dispersions «water-in-oil»

Assessing economic losses of lake Kaban (Kazan, RUSSIA) ecosystem and developing of compensation measures within the framework of sports facilities construction

© MCSER-Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. We have calculated the environmental losses arising in the course of preparation and construction activities on the lake Kaban. The size of environmental damage caused under construction was evaluated in a total of $ 273,863 USA. Developed compensatory measures that reduce the effects of damage caused by the construction work. We have developed a concept of biological rehabilitation of the lake and we have made prediction of change in the state of the lake ecosystem as a result of rehabilitation measures

Pathomorphological indicators of endothelial - erythrocytic dysfunction in type I diabetes: from the period of reproduction to the elderly and senile age

The study proved that changes in carbohydrate metabolism in diabetes mellitus significantly affect the properties of the endothelial-erythrocytic system, and they can be diagnosed using various modern microscopy methods at an early stag

Synthesis and Cytotoxic Effect of 1-Aryl-Substituted-6-Imino-2,7-Dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]Octane-4,4,5-Tricarbonitriles

The work was carried out within the framework of scholarship SP-127.2016.4 from the President of the Russian Federation for young scientists and graduate students

Investigation of the earth roof through the combined method: mechanical way and ground penetrating radar in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The paper presents the results of the multidisciplinary experimental investigation of the soils in the sporadic permafrost Northern-taiga subzone (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Western Siberia) based on the combination of the methods of radiophysical GPR investigation and classical methods of soil science. The aim is to develop the methods of objective identification of soils during the decoding of radarograms when monitoring the state of permafrost soil

Analysis of Genetic Variability of Yersinia pestis Strains (Medieval Biovar) Isolated in Natural Plague Foci of the Russian Federation and Mongolia

Carried out is the analysis of genetic peculiarities of Yersinia pestis strains (main ssp.), isolated in natural foci of the Russian Federation and Mongolia. Determined is the fact that strains of medieval biovar characterized by typical glpD1 napA2 rhaS1 genotype circulate in 7 out of 9 marmot and sandy-type foci. Strains of antique biovar characterized by glpD1 napA1 rhaS1 genotype prevail in the Trans-Baikal steppe foci. Y. pestis strains from Tuva mountain focus have similar genotype, which correlates with denitrification activity and absence of marker mutation of medieval biovar – single nucleotide substitution G→T in the 613 position of napA gene, and testifies to affiliation of these strains to antique biovar. Among Y. pestis strains isolated in Mongolia, identified are two atypical strains incapable of reducing nitrates but pertinent to antique biovar

A first estimate of triply heavy baryon masses from the pNRQCD perturbative static potential

Within pNRQCD we compute the masses of spin-averaged triply heavy baryons using the now-available NNLO pNRQCD potentials and three-body variational approach. We focus in particular on the role of the purely three-body interaction in perturbation theory. This we find to be reasonably small and of the order 25 MeV Our prediction for the Omega_ccc baryon mass is 4900(250) in keeping with other approaches. We propose to search for this hitherto unobserved state at B factories by examining the end point of the recoil spectrum against triple charm.Comment: 18 figures, 21 page