Influencing factors to the friction charging in water delivery metal pipeline

AbstractElectrochemical reaction is the major influencing factor to the metal pipe corrosion, and the extra electric charge generated in the metal by the friction of the metal pipe with water flow will affect the electrochemical reaction and the corrosion process of the metal pipe. The effects of the kinds of water, the water flow rates and the installing of an electric charge trapper on the electric charge are investigated by measuring the current and voltage generated in the test pipe. The research results show that when using the deionized water as the test water, the current increases and the voltage decreases with the rising of the flow rate; the voltage generated in the case of using the city water has a different change from that of using the deionized water, it is smaller than that of using the deionized water with keeping it in static state, and then increases with the rising of the flow rate; however, with the increasing of the flow rate, the voltages generated in both cases of using deionized water and city water are close to a same value; the voltage generated in the case of installing the electric charge trapper is smaller than that of without the electric charge trapper. It is because that some electric charge in the water flow are caught by the electric charge trapper and then transported to the metal to neutralize an equal amounts of electric charge

Genetic Polymorphisms of Nine X-STR Loci in Four Population Groups from Inner Mongolia, China

Nine short tandem repeat (STR) markers on the X chromosome (DXS101, DXS6789, DXS6799, DXS6804, DXS7132, DXS7133, DXS7423, DXS8378, and HPRTB) were analyzed in four population groups (Mongol, Ewenki, Oroqen, and Daur) from Inner Mongolia, China, in order to learn about the genetic diversity, forensic suitability, and possible genetic affinities of the populations. Frequency estimates, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and other parameters of forensic interest were computed. The results revealed that the nine markers have a moderate degree of variability in the population groups. Most heterozygosity values for the nine loci range from 0.480 to 0.891, and there are evident differences of genetic variability among the populations. A UPGMA tree constructed on the basis of the generated data shows very low genetic distance betweent Mongol and Han (Xi’an) populations. Our results based on genetic distance analysis are consistent with the results of earlier studies based on linguistics and the immigration history and origin of these populations. The minisatellite loci on the X chromosome studied here are not only useful in showing significant genetic variation between the populations, but also are suitable for human identity testing among Inner Mongolian populations

The Metastasectomy and Timing of Pulmonary Metastases on the Outcome of Osteosarcoma Patients

Background The author intended to clarify the therapeutic effect and prognostic factors of metastasectomy and timing of pulmonary metastases in osteosarcoma patents. Methods Data was obtained retrospectively on all consecutive osteosarcoma patients from 1985 to 2005 in author's institute. Fifty-two patients with pulmonary nodules were identified, including 24 patients undergoing pulmonary metastasectomy treatment. These patients were categorized into four groups: group 1, patients with lung metastases at the initial presentation; group 2, lung metastases identified during the period of pre-operative chemotherapy; group 3, lung metastases identified during period of the post-operative chemotherapy; group 4, lung metastases identified after therapy for the primary osteosarcoma completed. Results In our study, the 2-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates for 52 patients were 49%, 39% and 20%. The 2-year overall survival rates were 18% for group 1, 32% for group 3, and 70% for group 4 (p < 0.001). The 5-year overall survival rate was 34% for group 4. Patients who underwent metastesectomy showed a better survival outcome as compared with the patients not undergoing metastasectomy (p = 0.003). The 2-year and 5-year overall survival rates of only one lung metastatic nodule were 62% and 50%, and for initially multiple lung metastatic nodules, 45% and 5%, respectively. In addition, the patients presented with lung metastases had a worse prognosis as compared with those without initial lung metastases (p = 0.0001). Conclusions The patients having single metastatic nodule showed a better prognosis than those with multiple lung nodules. Furthermore, those patients who underwent metastasectomy survived longer than those not undergoing metastasectomy. Patients who had late metastases after complete chemotherapy had a better prognosis; whereas those who had metastases identified at the initial presentation predicted a poor prognosis

1,1′-(Butane-1,4-diyl)di-1H-imidazole–benzene-1,3,5-triol–water (1/1/1)

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C10H14N4·C6H6O3·H2O, contains one mol­ecule of benzene-1,3,5-triol, two half-molecules of 1,1′-butane-1,4-diyldi-1H-imidazole (each molecule is centrosymmetric) and one solvent water mol­ecule. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link all mol­ecules into a three-dimensional supra­molecular network

Poly[[[diaqua­cobalt(II)]-bis­[μ2-1,1′-(butane-1,4-di­yl)diimidazole-κ2 N 3:N 3′]] dichloride tetra­hydrate]

In the title compound, {[Co(C10H14N4)2(H2O)2]Cl2·4H2O}n, the CoII atom and the mid-point of the 1,1′-butane-1,4-diyl­diimidazole ligands lie on inversion centers. The CoII atom is six-coordinated in a slightly distorted octa­hedral environment by four N atoms from four different ligands and by two O atoms from the water mol­ecules. The CoII atoms are bridged by the ligands into a (4,4) net. Adjacent nets are linked to the chloride anions and uncoordinated water mol­ecules via O—H⋯Cl and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating a three-dimensional supra­molecular structure

Room-temperature antiferromagnetic CrSe monolayer with tunable metal-insulator transition in ferroelectric heterostructures

Recently, there has been a rapidly growing interest in two-dimensional (2D) transition metal chalcogenide monolayers (MLs) due to their unique magnetic and electronic properties. By using an evolutionary algorithm and first-principles calculations, we report the discovery of a previously unexplored, chemically, energetically, and thermodynamically stable 2D antiferromagnetic (AFM) CrSe ML with a N\'eel temperature higher than room temperature. Remarkably, we predict an electric field-controllable metal-insulator transition (MIT) in a van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure comprised of CrSe ML and ferroelectric Sc2CO2. This tunable transition in CrSe/Sc2CO2 heterostructure is attributed to the change in the band alignment between CrSe and Sc2CO2 caused by the ferroelectric polarization reversal in Sc2CO2. Our findings suggest that 2D AFM CrSe ML has important potential applications in AFM spintronics, particularly in the gate voltage conducting channel.Comment: 13 Pages, 4 Figure