2,333 research outputs found
Exact Master Equation and Quantum Decoherence of Two Coupled Harmonic Oscillators in a General Environment
In this paper we derive an exact master equation for two coupled quantum
harmonic oscillators interacting via bilinear coupling with a common
environment at arbitrary temperature made up of many harmonic oscillators with
a general spectral density function. We first show a simple derivation based on
the observation that the two-harmonic oscillator model can be effectively
mapped into that of a single harmonic oscillator in a general environment plus
a free harmonic oscillator. Since the exact one harmonic oscillator master
equation is available [Hu, Paz and Zhang, Phys. Rev. D \textbf{45}, 2843
(1992)], the exact master equation with all its coefficients for this two
harmonic oscillator model can be easily deduced from the known results of the
single harmonic oscillator case. In the second part we give an influence
functional treatment of this model and provide explicit expressions for the
evolutionary operator of the reduced density matrix which are useful for the
study of decoherence and disentanglement issues. We show three applications of
this master equation: on the decoherence and disentanglement of two harmonic
oscillators due to their interaction with a common environment under Markovian
approximation, and a derivation of the uncertainty principle at finite
temperature for a composite object, modeled by two interacting harmonic
oscillators. The exact master equation for two, and its generalization to ,
harmonic oscillators interacting with a general environment are expected to be
useful for the analysis of quantum coherence, entanglement, fluctuations and
dissipation of mesoscopic objects towards the construction of a theoretical
framework for macroscopic quantum phenomena.Comment: 35 pages, revtex, no figures, 2nd version, references added, to
appear in PR
SARS-CoV Regulates Immune Function-Related Gene Expressions in Human Monocytic Cells
Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is characterized by acute respiratory distress (ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis, and the monocyte/macrophage is the key player in the pathogenesis of SARS.
 
Methods: In this study, we compared the transcriptional profiles of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infected monocytic cells against that infected by coronavirus 229E (CoV-229E). Total RNA was extracted from infected DC-SIGN transfected monocytes (THP-1-DC-SIGN) at 6 and 24 h after infection and the gene expression was profiled by oligonucleotide-based microarray. 

Results: Analysis of immune-related gene expression profiles showed that 24 h after SARS-CoV infection, (i) IFN-alpha/beta-inducible and cathepsin/proteosome genes were down-regulated; (ii) the hypoxia/hyperoxia-related genes were up-regulated; and (iii) the TLR/TLR-signaling, cytokine/cytokine receptor-related, chemokine/chemokine receptor-related, the lysosome-related, MHC/chaperon-related, and fibrosis-related genes were differentially regulated. 

Conclusion: These results elucidate that monocyte/macrophage dysfunction and dysregulation of fibrosis-related genes are two important pathogenic events of SARS. 

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