10,256 research outputs found
Asymptotics of the Charlier polynomials via difference equation methods
We derive uniform and non-uniform asymptotics of the Charlier polynomials by
using difference equation methods alone. The Charlier polynomials are special
in that they do not fit into the framework of the turning point theory, despite
the fact that they are crucial in the Askey scheme. In this paper, asymptotic
approximations are obtained respectively in the outside region, an intermediate
region, and near the turning points. In particular, we obtain uniform
asymptotic approximation at a pair of coalescing turning points with the aid of
a local transformation. We also give a uniform approximation at the origin by
applying the method of dominant balance and several matching techniques.Comment: 31 pages, 1 figure (in two separated files
High frequency limit for single-electron pumping operations
In this Letter, we study the transient electron transfer phenomena of
single-electron devices with alternating external gate voltages. We obtain a
high frequency limit for pumping electrons one at a time in single-electron
devices. Also, we find that in general the electrical current is not
proportional to the frequency of the external signals in the single-electron
devices, due to the strong quantum coherence tunneling effect.Comment: 4 pages 5 figure
Real-time dynamics of single-electron pumping
In this Letter, we study the real-ime dynamics of single-electron pumpings.
We modulate the left tunneling barrier along with the dot level but slightly
changing the right barrier to operate the single-electron pumping device at
zero bias. We show the adiabatic to the non-adiabatic transition in pumping
operations. We also find that the relation is only valid in
the low operating frequency adiabatic regime.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Master equation approach to transient quantum transport incorporating with initial correlations
In this paper, the exact transient quantum transport of non-interacting
nanostructures is investigated in the presence of initial system-lead
correlations and initial lead-lead correlations for a device system coupled to
general electronic leads. The exact master equation incorporating with initial
correlations is derived through the extended quantum Langevin equation. The
effects of the initial correlations are manifested through the time-dependent
fluctuations contained explicitly in the exact master equation. The transient
transport current incorporating with initial correlations is obtained from the
exact master equation. The resulting transient transport current can be
expressed in terms of the single-particle propagating and correlation Green
functions of the device system. We show that the initial correlations can
affect quantum transport not only in the transient regime, but also in the
steady-state limit when system-lead couplings are strong enough so that
electron localized bound states occur in the device system.Comment: 13pages, 4figure
Transient Current-Current Correlations and Noise Spectra
In this paper, we present an exact formalism for transient current-current
correlations and transient noise spectra. The exact solution of transient
current correlations in both the time domain and the frequency domain are
obtained. Without taking the wide band limit, we investigate transient
current-current correlations with different bias voltages and different finite
temperatures. Transient noise spectra over the whole frequency range are
calculated and that in the steady-state limit are also reproduced. From
transient current-current correlations and noise spectra, we analyze the
frequency-dependence of electron transport for the system evolving far away
from equilibrium to the steady state. Various time scales associated with the
energy structure of the nanosystem are also obtained from the transient
current-current correlations and transient noise spectra.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure
Enhancing the geometric quantum discord in the Heisenberg {\it XX} chain by Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction
We studied the trance distance, the Hellinger distance, and the Bures
distance geometric quantum discords (GQDs) for a two-spin Heisenberg {\it XX}
chain with the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya (DM) interaction and the external magnetic
fields. We found that considerable enhancement of the GQDs can be achieved by
introducing the DM interaction, and their maxima were obtained in the limiting
case . The external magnetic fields and the increase of
the temperature can also enhance the GQDs to some extent for certain special
cases.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Detecting Adversarial Attacks on Neural Network Policies with Visual Foresight
Deep reinforcement learning has shown promising results in learning control
policies for complex sequential decision-making tasks. However, these neural
network-based policies are known to be vulnerable to adversarial examples. This
vulnerability poses a potentially serious threat to safety-critical systems
such as autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we propose a defense mechanism to
defend reinforcement learning agents from adversarial attacks by leveraging an
action-conditioned frame prediction module. Our core idea is that the
adversarial examples targeting at a neural network-based policy are not
effective for the frame prediction model. By comparing the action distribution
produced by a policy from processing the current observed frame to the action
distribution produced by the same policy from processing the predicted frame
from the action-conditioned frame prediction module, we can detect the presence
of adversarial examples. Beyond detecting the presence of adversarial examples,
our method allows the agent to continue performing the task using the predicted
frame when the agent is under attack. We evaluate the performance of our
algorithm using five games in Atari 2600. Our results demonstrate that the
proposed defense mechanism achieves favorable performance against baseline
algorithms in detecting adversarial examples and in earning rewards when the
agents are under attack.Comment: Project page: http://yclin.me/RL_attack_detection/ Code:
https://github.com/yenchenlin/rl-attack-detectio
Simulation of beam gas coulomb scattering in HALS
In conventional research on the beam gas coulomb scattering (BGCS), only the
related beam lifetime using the analytical method is studied. In this paper,
using the PIC-MCC method, we not only simulated the beam lifetime but also
explored the effect of BGCS on the beam distribution. In order to better
estimate the effect on particle distribution, we study the ultra-low emittance
electron beam, here we choose the HeFei Advanced Light Source (HLAS). By
counting the lost particles in a certain time, the corresponding beam lifetime
we simulated is 5.1078h/14.5507h in x/y, which is very close to the theoretic
value (5.0555h /13.7024h in x/y). By counting the lost particles relative to
the collided particles, the simulated value of the loss probability of collided
particles is 1.3228e-04, which is also very close to the theoretical value
(1.3824e-04). Besides, the simulation shows there is a tail in the transverse
distribution due to the BGCS. The close match of the simulation with theoretic
value in beam lifetime and loss probability indicates our simulation is
reliable
The Extent of In Situ Urbanisation in China’s County Areas
By developing and using indexes reflecting “quasi-urban” status, this paper attempts to quantitatively estimate the “invisible” contribution of in situ urbanisation to the overall urbanisation process in the county areas of Fujian Province. The results show that the urbanisation level of the county areas in Fujian Province would be significantly increased if the urban characteristics resulting from in situ urbanisation were fully reflected, suggesting that the conventional urban statistics seriously underestimate the true extent of rural-urban transformation in the county areas. Furthermore, such underestimation is more serious in the coastal areas with most dynamic socioeconomic development, and thus distorts the true picture of the spatial pattern of rural-urban transformation. The paper explores the implications of the above results for the understanding of China’s urbanisation process, suggesting that rural-urban transformation and the corresponding planning practice in China should be conceptualised in the context of blurred rural-urban distinction and more important roles for rural areas in the urbanisation process
Single-electron turnstile pumping with high frequencies
In this Letter, we present a theoretical analysis to single-electron pumping
operation in a large range of driving frequencies through the time-dependent
tunneling barriers controlled by external gate voltages. We show that the
single-electron turnstile works at the frequency lower than the characteristic
frequency which is determined by the mean average electron tunneling rate. When
the driving frequency is greater than the characteristic frequency of electron
tunnelings, fractional electron pumping occurs as an effect of quantum
coherence tunneling.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
- …