Preparation of Edible Corn Starch Phosphate with Highly Reactive Sodium Tripolyphosphate in the Absence of Catalyst

Purpose: To prepare edible corn starch phosphate under optimized experimental conditions.Methods: Edible corn starch phosphate was prepared via the reaction of starch with active sodium tripolyphosphate. Reaction efficiency and viscosity were used as indices to optimize experimental conditions. Freeze-thaw stability and transparency of starch phosphate and native starch were comparatively studied.Results: Starch phosphate with optimal combined phosphate content (0.39 %) was obtained under optimized conditions: reaction duration, 90 min; temperature, 160 oC; pH, 5.0; and phosphate, 1.5 g. Starch phosphate with optimal viscosity (230 cp) was obtained under different conditions: reaction duration, 120 min; temperature, 140 oC; pH, 6.0; and phosphate, 1.5 g. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in syneresis and paste transparency of starch phosphate and native starch.Conclusion: Edible corn starch phosphate has been successfully prepared under optimized experimental conditions whose freeze-thaw stability and paste transparency has obvious improvement compared with native starch.Keywords: Starch phosphate, Combined phosphate, Sodium tripolyphosphate, Syneresis, Paste efficienc

Post‐translational regulation of muscle growth, muscle aging and sarcopenia

Abstract Skeletal muscle makes up 30–40% of the total body mass. It is of great significance in maintaining digestion, inhaling and exhaling, sustaining body posture, exercising, protecting joints and many other aspects. Moreover, muscle is also an important metabolic organ that helps to maintain the balance of sugar and fat. Defective skeletal muscle function not only limits the daily activities of the elderly but also increases the risk of disability, hospitalization and death, placing a huge burden on society and the healthcare system. Sarcopenia is a progressive decline in muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle function with age caused by environmental and genetic factors, such as the abnormal regulation of protein post‐translational modifications (PTMs). To date, many studies have shown that numerous PTMs, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, glycosylation, glycation, methylation, S‐nitrosylation, carbonylation and S‐glutathionylation, are involved in the regulation of muscle health and diseases. This article systematically summarizes the post‐translational regulation of muscle growth and muscle atrophy and helps to understand the pathophysiology of muscle aging and develop effective strategies for diagnosing, preventing and treating sarcopenia

A new rapid colorimetric detection method of Mn2+ based on tripolyphosphate modified silver nanoparticles

A new facile and rapid colorimetric method is proposed for detection of manganese ion (Mn2+) with high sensitivity and excellent selectivity using tripolyphosphate stabilized silver nanoparticles (P3O10 5？–AgNPs). The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by reducing silver nitrate with sodium borohydride in the presence of sodium tripolyphosphate. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDS) and infrared spectra (IR) indicate that tripolyphosphates anions (P3O10 5？) are capped on the surfaces of AgNPs. The P3O10 5？–AgNPs aggregate quickly in the presence of Mn2+, which leads to color change of the nanoparticle dispersion from yellow to reddish brown and decrease of the surface plasmon absorption intensity. The Mn2+ can form a six-coordinated structure with P3O10 5？ coating on the AgNPs and leads to formation of large particles aggregation. The selectivity of P3O10 5？–AgNPs detection system for Mn2+ is excellent comparing with other ions and mixture of the above ions except Mn2+. Furthermore, this Mn2+ detection method based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption by ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometer (UV–vis) offers a wide linear detection range from 0.05 M to 20 M. The lowest detection concentration by the naked eyes is 0.1 M, which is also lower than the national table-water standard (1.8 M). The results of Mn2+ detection in real water samples reinforce that our P3O10 5？–AgNPs detection system is applicable for Mn2+ detection in the real environmental water samples