EFFECTS OF SHOE COLLAR HEIGHT ON SAGITTAL ANKLE ROM, KINETICS AND POWER OUTPUT DURING SINGLE-LEG AND DOUBLE-LEG JUMPS

The aim of this research was to examine the effects of high-top shoes and low-top shoes on sagittal ankle ROM, kinetics and power output during single-leg and double-leg jumps. Twelve male subjects were requested to wear high-top and low-top shoes to perform single-leg and double-leg jumps. Ankle joint kinematics and kinetics data were collected using Vicon system and force plates. Shoe collar heights did not influence the jump height in both single-leg and double-leg jump tasks. However, high-top shoes adopted in this study resulted in a significant smaller sagittal ankle ROM during a quasi-static movement. In addition, wearing high-top shoe could also decrease the dorsiflexion ankle joint torque and power output during the push-off phase in single-leg jump. These findings provide preliminary evidence suggesting that a changed ankle kinematic and kinetic behaviour in the sagittal plane may be induced when wearing high-top shoes

Surface terraces in pure tungsten formed by high-temperature oxidation

We observe large-scale surface terraces in tungsten oxidised at high temperature and in high vacuum. Their formation is highly dependent on crystal orientation, with only {111} grains showing prominent terraces. Terrace facets are aligned with {100} crystallographic planes, leading to an increase in total surface energy, making a diffusion-driven formation mechanism unlikely. Instead we hypothesize that preferential oxidation of {100} crystal planes controls terrace formation. Grain height profiles after oxidation and the morphology of samples heat treated with limited oxygen supply are consistent with this hypothesis. Our observations have important implications for the use of tungsten in extreme environments.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures & supplementar

Elastic strain associated with irradiation-induced defects in self-ion irradiated tungsten

Elastic interactions play an important role in controlling irradiation damage evolution, but remain largely unexplored experimentally. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution on-axis transmission Kikuchi diffraction (HR-TKD), we correlate the evolution of irradiation-induced damage structures and the associated lattice strains in self-ion irradiated pure tungsten. TEM reveals different dislocation loop structures as a function of sample thickness, suggesting that free surfaces limit the formation of extended defect structures that are found in thicker samples. HR-TKD strain analysis shows the formation of crystallographically-orientated long-range strain fluctuations above 0.01 dpa and a decrease of total elastic energy above 0.1 dpa

High-Fidelity Lake Extraction via Two-Stage Prompt Enhancement: Establishing a Novel Baseline and Benchmark

The extraction of lakes from remote sensing images is a complex challenge due to the varied lake shapes and data noise. Current methods rely on multispectral image datasets, making it challenging to learn lake features accurately from pixel arrangements. This, in turn, affects model learning and the creation of accurate segmentation masks. This paper introduces a unified prompt-based dataset construction approach that provides approximate lake locations using point, box, and mask prompts. We also propose a two-stage prompt enhancement framework, LEPrompter, which involves prompt-based and prompt-free stages during training. The prompt-based stage employs a prompt encoder to extract prior information, integrating prompt tokens and image embeddings through self- and cross-attention in the prompt decoder. Prompts are deactivated once the model is trained to ensure independence during inference, enabling automated lake extraction. Evaluations on Surface Water and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Lake datasets show consistent performance improvements compared to the previous state-of-the-art method. LEPrompter achieves mIoU scores of 91.48% and 97.43% on the respective datasets without introducing additional parameters or GFLOPs. Supplementary materials provide the source code, pre-trained models, and detailed user studies.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure