A squeezed mechanical oscillator with milli-second quantum decoherence

The development of mechanical oscillator-based hybrid quantum systems has allowed quantum state preparation and measurements of macroscopic mechanical systems. These systems need to satisfy the dichotomy of engineered coupling to an auxiliary degree of freedom, while being mechanically well isolated from the environment, which induces both thermal decoherence and dephasing. Here we demonstrate a micro-mechanical oscillator coupled to a superconducting microwave circuit with a thermal decoherence rate of only 20.5 Hz (130 quanta/second motional heating rate) and a dephasing rate of 0.09 Hz - on par with and better than, respectively, what has been achieved with trapped ions. This allows us to directly track the free evolution of a squeezed mechanical state over milli-second timescales. Such ultra-low quantum decoherence not only increases the fidelity of quantum control over macroscopic mechanical systems, but may equally benefit mechanical oscillator-based schemes for quantum computing and transduction, fundamental tests of quantum mechanics itself, or searches for dark matter. (Keywords: Quantum optomechanics, Superconducting circuit electromechanics, Quantum squeezing, Quantum memory

Superconducting circuit optomechanics in topological lattices

Cavity optomechanics enables controlling mechanical motion via radiation pressure interaction, and has contributed to the quantum control of engineered mechanical systems ranging from kg scale LIGO mirrors to nano-mechanical systems, enabling ground-state preparation, entanglement, squeezing of mechanical objects, position measurements at the standard quantum limit, non-reciprocal photon transport, and quantum transduction. Yet, nearly all prior schemes have employed single- or few-mode op-tomechanical systems. In contrast, novel dynamics and applications are expected when utilizing optomechanical arrays and lattices, which enable to synthesize non-trivial band structures, and have been actively studied in the field of circuit QED. Superconducting microwave optomechanical circuits are a promising platform to implement such lattices, but have been compounded by strict scaling limitations. Here, we overcome this challenge and realize superconducting circuit optomechanical lattices. We demonstrate non-trivial topological microwave modes in 1D optomechanical chains realizing the canonical Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model. Furthermore, we realize the strained graphene model in a 2D optomechanical honeycomb lattice. Exploiting the embedded optomechanical interaction, we show that it is possible to directly measure the mode functions of the bulk modes, as well as the topologically protected edge states, without using any local probe or inducing perturbation. This enables us to reconstruct the full underlying lattice Hamiltonian. Such optomechanical lattices, accompanied by the measurement techniques introduced, offers an avenue to explore out of equilibrium physics in optomechanical lattices such as collective, quantum many-body, and quench dynamics, topological properties and more broadly, emergent nonlinear dynamics in complex optomechanical systems with a large number of degrees of freedoms.Comment: Updated version with a comprehensive discussion on strained graphene mode

Cryogenic electro-optic interconnect for superconducting devices

Encoding information onto optical fields is the backbone of modern telecommunication networks. Optical fibers offer low loss transport and vast bandwidth compared to electrical cables, and are currently also replacing coaxial cables for short-range communications. Optical fibers also exhibit significantly lower thermal conductivity, making optical interconnects attractive for interfacing with superconducting circuits and devices. Yet little is known about modulation at cryogenic temperatures. Here we demonstrate a proof-of-principle experiment, showing that currently employed Ti-doped LiNbO modulators maintain the Pockels coefficient at 3K---a base temperature for classical microwave amplifier circuitry. We realize electro-optical read-out of a superconducting electromechanical circuit to perform both coherent spectroscopy, measuring optomechanically-induced transparency, and incoherent thermometry, encoding the thermomechanical sidebands in an optical signal. Although the achieved noise figures are high, approaches that match the lower-bandwidth microwave signals, use integrated devices or materials with higher EO coefficient, should achieve added noise similar to current HEMT amplifiers, providing a route to parallel readout for emerging quantum or classical computing platforms.Comment: Experimental details added. The heating experiment update

Bone-added periodontal plastic surgery: a new approach in esthetic dentistry

This article proposes a combined technique including bone grafting, connective tissue graft, and coronally advanced flap to create some space for simultaneous bone regrowth and root coverage. A 23 year-old female was referred to our private clinic with a severe class II Miller recession and lack of attached gingiva. The suggested treatment plan comprised of root coverage combined with xenograft bone particles. The grafted area healed well and full coverage was achieved at 12-month follow-up visit. Bone-added periodontal plastic surgery can be considered as a practical procedure for management of deep gingival recession without buccal bone plate

Automated wide-ranged finely tunable microwave cavity for narrowband phase noise filtering

Narrowband microwave filters have wide ranging applications, including the reduction in phase noise of microwave sources within a given frequency band. The prospect of developing an automated filter that tunes itself to an arbitrary desired frequency at maximum extinction promises many experimental advantages such as an enhanced efficiency in performing fine frequency detuning scans and saving time and effort as compared to manual tuning. We design, construct, and program such an automated system and present its hardware and software for reproducibility. It consists of a cylindrical cavity filter and two motors, which change the cavity length and the coupling strength of the microwave field into the cavity, respectively. By measuring the cavity response, an algorithm implemented in Python optimizes these two parameters to achieve the tuning of the filter cavity to the desired frequency with a precision of around 20 kHz, which is significantly better than the cavity linewidth (similar to 1 MHz). We also demonstrate the suppression of phase noise at the desired frequency by more than 10 dB

Interleukin 17 Receptor Gene Polymorphism in Periimplantitis and Chronic Periodontitis

Gene polymorphism of cytokines influencing their function has been known as a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of the tooth and implant supporting tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of IL-17R gene polymorphism (rs879576) with chronic periodontitis and periimplantitis in an Iranian population. 73 patients with chronic periodontitis, 37 patients with periimplantitis and 83 periodontally healthy patients were enrolled in this study. 5cc blood was obtained from each subject's arm vein and transferred to tubes containing EDTA. Genomic DNA was extracted using Miller's Salting Out technique. The DNA was transferred into 96 division plates, transported to Kbioscience Institute in United Kingdom and analyzed using the Kbioscience Competitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) technique. Chi-square and Kruskal Wallis tests were used to analyze differences in the expression of genotypes and frequency of alleles in disease and control groups (P-Value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant). There were no significant differences between periodontitis, periimplantitis with AA, GG, GA genotype of IL-17R gene (P=0.8239). Also comparison of frequency of alleles in SNP rs879576 of IL-17R gene between the chronic periodontitis group and periimplantitis group did not revealed statistically significant differences (P=0.8239). The enigma of IL-17 and its polymorphism-role in periodontitis and periimplantitis is yet to be investigated more carefully throughout further research but this article demonstrates that polymorphism of IL-17R plays no significant role in incidence of chronic periodontitis and Periimplantitis

Mechanically induced correlated errors on superconducting qubits with relaxation times exceeding 0.4 ms

Abstract Superconducting qubits are among the most advanced candidates for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing. Despite recent significant advancements in the qubit lifetimes, the origin of the loss mechanism for state-of-the-art qubits is still subject to investigation. Furthermore, the successful implementation of quantum error correction requires negligible correlated errors between qubits. Here, we realize long-lived superconducting transmon qubits that exhibit fluctuating lifetimes, averaging 0.2 ms and exceeding 0.4 ms – corresponding to quality factors above 5 million and 10 million, respectively. We then investigate their dominant error mechanism. By introducing novel time-resolved error measurements that are synchronized with the operation of the pulse tube cooler in a dilution refrigerator, we find that mechanical vibrations from the pulse tube induce nonequilibrium dynamics in highly coherent qubits, leading to their correlated bit-flip errors. Our findings not only deepen our understanding of the qubit error mechanisms but also provide valuable insights into potential error-mitigation strategies for achieving fault tolerance by decoupling superconducting qubits from their mechanical environments