How culture and government shape entrepreneurial innovation: the case of Korean and UK online gaming firms

This paper examines institutional sources of product innovation with reference to the online gaming sector of Korea and the UK. It examines the combined impact of formal and informal institutions and their interaction with multiple case studies. Despite the growing importance of innovative products in contemporary entertainment (including interactive games), the ‘informal’ source of innovation has attracted limited attention. By closely looking at the idea exploration, generation and selection process (where creativity plays a major role), we intend to find out how values and public policy affect product innovation. This study shows that the value of Korean and UK online gaming firms (regardless of their different socio-economic contexts) plays an important role in generating product innovation. An additional point is that Korean firms are likely to take advantage of government policy support to overcome inadequate institutional settings in conjunction with the initial conditions of online game development

A 1.9-GHz CMOS power amplifier using three-port asymmetric transmission line transformer for a polar transmitter

A 1.9-GHz CMOS differential power amplifier for a polar transmitter is implemented with a 0.18-mu m RF CMOS process. All of the matching components, including the input and output transformers, are fully integrated. The concepts of injection locking and variable load are applied to increase the efficiency and dynamic range of the amplifier. An asymmetric three-port transmission line transformer is proposed to embody the variable load effectively. The power amplifier achieved a power-added efficiency of 40% at a maximum output power of 32 dBm. The dynamic range was 20 dB at supply voltages ranging from 0.5 to 3.3 V. The improvement of the low power efficiency was 290% at an output power of 16 dBm.ope

A 1.9-GHz triple-mode class-E power amplifier for a polar transmitter

A 1.9-GHz CMOS power amplifier for polar transmitters was implemented with a 0.25-mu m radio frequency CMOS process. All the matching components, including the input and output transformers, were fully integrated. The concepts of mode locking and adaptive load were applied in order to increase the efficiency and dynamic range of the amplifier. The amplifier achieved a drain efficiency of 33% at a maximum output power of 28 dBm. The measured dynamic range was 34 dB for a supply voltage that ranged from 0.7 to 3.3 V. The measured improvement of the low power efficiency was 140% at an output power of 16 dBm.ope

Fully integrated 1.9-GHz CMOS power amplifier for polar transmitter applications

A 1.9-GHz CMOS differential power amplifier for polar transmitter applications was implemented with a 0.25 mu m RF CMOS process. All of the matching components, input transformer, and output transformer are fully integrated with 50 Omega input and output matching. Each power transistor in each differential branch is split again and controlled separately to obtain a high power mode and a low power mode. The amplifier achieved a drain efficiency of 32% at the maximum output power of 29.5 dBm. The dynamic range is measured at approximately 275 dB with a supply voltage range of 0.7 similar to 3.3 V.ope