Defining and Valuing the Base of the Property Tax

This article will consider the applicability of the summation-of-interests definition of property to the easement question generally, and will conclude that it is preferable to its alternatives in that context as well. The summation-of-interests definition in the easement context contradicts precedent established early in this century and accepted by a majority of jurisdictions. However, this precedent is based upon a number of logical errors: it equates property rights with property value, assumes that property must be defined as the rights retained by the owner of the fee, and sets the realizable sale price of the owner\u27s interest as an upper limit upon fair market value for tax purposes. Finally, a concluding section will consider briefly the actual steps in the valuation process by which a new approach to the assessment of restricted property might be initiated

Holographic Nuclear Matter in AdS/QCD

We study the physics with finite nuclear density in the framework of AdS/QCD with holographic baryon field included. Based on a mean field type approach, we introduce the nucleon density as a bi-fermion condensate of the lowest mode of the baryon field and calculate the density dependence of the chiral condensate and the nucleon mass. We observe that the chiral condensate as well as the mass of nucleon decrease with increasing nuclear density. We also consider the mass splitting of charged vector mesons in iso-spin asymmetric nuclear matter.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures, two references are added, typo corrected, section 3.3 remove

A criterion for the nature of the superconducting transition in strongly interacting field theories : Holographic approach

It is beyond the present techniques based on perturbation theory to reveal the nature of phase transitions in strongly interacting field theories. Recently, the holographic approach has provided us with an effective dual description, mapping strongly coupled conformal field theories to classical gravity theories. Resorting to the holographic superconductor model, we propose a general criterion for the nature of the superconducting phase transition based on effective interactions between vortices. We find "tricritical" points in terms of the chemical potential for U(1) charges and an effective Ginzburg-Landau parameter, where vortices do not interact to separate the second order (repulsive) from the first order (attractive) transitions. We interpret the first order transition as the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism, arguing that it is relevant to superconducting instabilities around quantum criticality.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure

Mesons and nucleons from holographic QCD in a unified approach

We investigate masses and coupling constants of mesons and nucleons within a hard wall model of holographic QCD in a unified approach. We first examine an appropriate form of fermionic solutions by restricting the mass coupling for the five dimensional bulk fermions and bosons. We then derive approximated analytic solutions for the nucleons and the corresponding masses in a small mass coupling region. In order to treat meson and nucleon properties on the same footing, we introduce the same infrared (IR) cut in such a way that the meson-nucleon coupling constants, i.e., g_{pi NN} and g_{rho NN} are uniquely determined. The first order approximation with respect to a dimensionless expansion parameter, which is valid in the small mass coupling region, explicitly shows difficulties to avoid the IR scale problem of the hard wall model. We discuss possible ways of circumventing these problems.Comment: 15 pages, No figure. Several typos have been remove

Renormalization Group Analysis of \rho-Meson Properties at Finite Density

We calculate the density dependence of the $\rho$-meson mass and coupling constant($g_{\rho NN}$) for $\rho$-nucleon-nucleon vertex at one loop using the lagrangian where the $\rho$-meson is included as a dynamical gauge boson of a hidden local symmetry. From the condition that thermodynamic potential should not depend on the arbitrary energy scale, renormalization scale, one can construct a renormalization group equation for the thermodynamic potential and argue that the various renormalization group coefficients are functions of the density or temperature. We calculate the $\beta$-function for $\rho$-nucleon-nucleon coupling constant ($g_{\rho NN}$) and $\gamma$-function for $\rho$-meson mass ($\gamma_{m_\rho}$). We found that the $\rho$-meson mass and the coupling constant for $g_{\rho NN}$ drop as density increases in the low energy limit.Comment: 24 pages, 10 figures, revised versio

Vector Manifestation and Fate of Vector Mesons in Dense Matter

We describe in-medium properties of hadrons in dense matter near chiral restoration using a Wilsonian matching to QCD of an effective field theory with hidden local symmetry at the chiral cutoff $\Lambda$. We find that chiral symmetry is restored in vector manifestation \`a la Harada and Yamawaki at a critical matter density $n_c$. We express the critical density in terms of QCD correlators in dense matter at the matching scale. In a manner completely analogous to what happens at the critical $N_f^c$ and at the critical temperature $T^c$, the vector meson mass is found to vanish (in the chiral limit) at chiral restoration. This result provides a support for Brown-Rho scaling predicted a decade ago.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figure