Resistance of Newly Introduced Vegetables to Meloidogyne arenaria and M. incognita in Korea

To select resistant vegetables against two species of root-knot nematodes, M. incognita and M. arenaria, 39 vegetables belongs to 7 families, 13 genera, 25 species were screened in greenhouse pot test. Susceptible vegetables to both nematodes were amarath and leaf beet in Amaranthaceae, Malabar spinach in Basellaceae, Moroheiya in Tiliaceae, and Water-convolvulus in Convolvulaceae, Pak-choi in Brassica campestris var. chinensis, Tah tasai in B. campestris var. narinosa, B. campestris var. chinensis x narinosa, Leaf mustard, Mustard green in B. juncea, Kyona in B. juncea var. laciniate, Choy sum in B. rapa subsp. arachinenesis, Kairan in B. oleracea var. alboglabra, Arugula in Eruca sativa, Garland chrysanthemum in Chrysanthemum coronarium, Endive in Cichorium endivia, Artichoke in Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus, Lettuce in Lactuca sativa. Resistant to M. arenaria but susceptible to M. incognita were B. oleracea cv. Matjjang kale, B. oleracea var. gongyloides cv. Jeok kohlrabi, and C. intybus cv. Radicchio. Resistant vegetables to both nematodes were C. intybus cv. Sugar loaf, Grumoro, Radichio treviso, B. oleracea cv. Manchu collard, Super matjjang, B. oleracea italica, B. oleracea var. botrytis italiana, and Perilla in Lamiaceae. Vegetables resistant to both species of root-knot nematodes could be used as high-valued rotation crops in greenhouses where root-knot nematodes are problem

Resistance of Soybean Cultivars to Heterodera glycines HG type 2.5 in Korea

A total of 75 soybean cultivars developed in Korea was screened against soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines HG type 2.5. Cysts developed on soybean cultivars ranged from 104 to 624 cysts per pot. There was no resistant cultivar but ‘Jangyeopkong’, ‘Saealkong’, ‘Miryangkong’, and ‘Mansukong’ were moderately resistant; 33 cultivars were moderately susceptible and the other cultivars were susceptible. ‘Jangyeopkong’, ‘Saealkong’, ‘Miryangkong’, and ‘Mansukong’ could be recommended for soybean fields infested with SCN until developing SCN resistant soybean

Screening of Plant Extracts for Nemastatic Activity

against Rhabditis sp. by 96-well microplate bioassay. The plant extracts with a concentration of 5,000 μg/ml were mixed with aqueous nematode solution containing about 20 Rhabditis sp. and their activity was examined daily for 7 days. Out of 2,714 plant extracts examined in this test, 2,362 (87.0%) showed no negative influence on the nematode activity, while 187 (6.9%) inhibited nematode activity about 50%, 95 (3.5%) inhibited nematode activity over 90%, and 70 (2.6%) rather enhanced nematode activity. Among those showing over 50% nemastatic activity, 25 extracts were randomly selected for further screening with Rhabditis sp. and with juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita. The screening revealed that 11 extracts (44%) were consistently

Resistance of Commercial Tomato Cultivars to Meloidogyne arenaria and M. incognita

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are among the main pathogens of greenhouse crops worldwide.Plant resistance is currently the method of choice for controlling these pests. To select resistant tomato againsttwo common species of root-knot nematodes, M. incognita and M. arenaria, 36 commercial tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars were screened. Seventeen tomato cultivars were resistant to bothroot-knot nematodes: six in cherry tomato, ‘Tenten’, ‘Cadillac’, ‘Cutti’, ‘Sweet’, ‘Ppotto’, ‘Lycopin-9’, eightin globe tomato, ‘Lovely 240’, ‘Dotaerang Dia’, ‘Cupirang’, ‘Dotaerang Master’, ‘Super Dotaerang’,‘Dotaerang Season’, ‘Miroku’, ‘Hoyong’, and three in root stock, ‘Special’, ‘Fighting’, and ‘Magnet’

SATI: Scalable And Traffic efficient data dissemination Infrastructure for sensor-based distributed information services

When highly distributed data streaming services are fully realized, they will bring up new issues in delivering data streams to data consumers. First, data delivery scheme should be traffic efficient because the Internet can be easily inundated by a massive number of data streams. Also, the probing messages generated by many delivery schemes waste network resources. These problems are not easily solved by existing data delivery schemes because none of them consider the economic usage and measurement of network resource. This paper proposes SATI, an infrastructure that provides not only shared management and measurement of network information but also scalable and traffic efficient data delivery. Experimental results show that SATI is scalable and greatly reduces network traffic. I

Cytokinin-facilitated proteolysis of ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 2 attenuates signaling output in two-component circuitry

Cytokinins propagate signals via multiple phosphorelays in a mechanism similar to bacterial two-component systems. In Arabidopsis, signal outputs are determined by the activation state of transcription factors termed type-B Arabidopsis response regulators (ARRs); however, their regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that the proteolysis of ARR2, a type-B ARR, modulates cytokinin signaling outputs. ARR2-hemagglutinin (HA) is rapidly degraded by cytokinin treatment, but other type-B ARRs, such as ARR1-HA, ARR10-HA, ARR12-HA and ARR18-HA, are not. ARR2 degradation is mediated by the 26S proteasome pathway, and requires cytokinin-induced phosphorylation of Asp80 residue in the receiver domain. Through mutational analysis of amino acid residues in the receiver domain, we found that substitution of Lys90 with Gly inhibits ARR2 degradation. ARR2K90G-HA in transgenic Arabidopsis conferred enhanced cytokinin sensitivity in various developmental processes, including primary root elongation, callus induction, leaf senescence and hypocotyl growth. ARR2K90G-HA increased the expression of type-A ARRs, primary cytokinin-responsive genes and indicators of signaling output in two-component circuits. Expression of ARR2K90G-HA from the native ARR2 promoter in the arr2-4 knock-out mutant also increased cytokinin sensitivity. In conclusion, ARR2 proteolysis is involved in the maintenance of the primary signaling output for normal developmental processes mediated by cytokinin in Arabidopsis.X1130sciescopu

Studies on HG Type of Heterodera glycines in Korea

Thirteen soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines) populations collected in Korea were examined in their HG type by their reproductivity on 7 Plant Introduction indicators for the identification of HG type. Six HG types were identified, HG type 0, 2, 5, 2.5, 1.2.7, and 2.5.7. HG type 2.5 was the most frequent (4 samples, 30.8%), followed by HG type 2.5.7 (3 samples, 23.0%). About 76.9% of SCN populations were reproduced on PI 88788, followed by PI 209332 (61.5%), PI 548316 (‘Cloud’) (30.8%), and PI 548402 (‘Peking’) (7.7%). No population could reproduce on PI 90763, PI 437654, thus, they could be used for resistant source for developing SCN resistant soybean in Korea