The Effects of Land Use Deregulations in the Capitol Region on Gross Regional Domestic Product in South Korea

South Korea has implemented strong land use regulations controlling the growth of the capitol region (Seoul, and around areas) in order to encourage balanced regional development between the capitol area and the non-capitol area. However, there are ongoing debates about the relationship between the regulatory policies and the balanced regional development. The purpose of this study is to examine the extent of the effect that the land use deregulation in the capitol region has on growth of both regions. To address this question, I use a difference-in-differences model to empirically analyze how the land use deregulation in the capitol region in 2008 has affected the economic growth of the capitol and non-capitol regions. The results suggest that the deregulations in the capitol region have no significant effects on the change of GRDP. In other words, the regulatory policy in the capitol region does not promote balanced regional development because the deregulation does not restrict the economic growth of the non-capitol region. Moreover, the GRDP has a high correlation with the factors related to productivity such as economically active population and operating surplus. One possible explanation for this result is that the difference of economic growth between regions depends on the difference of productivity in each region. Therefore, Korea’s government needs to consider policies that promote productivity of less developed regions to balance the regional growth

Pilot Beam Sequence Design for Channel Estimation in Millimeter-Wave MIMO Systems: A POMDP Framework

In this paper, adaptive pilot beam sequence design for channel estimation in large millimeter-wave (mmWave) MIMO systems is considered. By exploiting the sparsity of mmWave MIMO channels with the virtual channel representation and imposing a Markovian random walk assumption on the physical movement of the line-of-sight (LOS) and reflection clusters, it is shown that the sparse channel estimation problem in large mmWave MIMO systems reduces to a sequential detection problem that finds the locations and values of the non-zero-valued bins in a two-dimensional rectangular grid, and the optimal adaptive pilot design problem can be cast into the framework of a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP). Under the POMDP framework, an optimal adaptive pilot beam sequence design method is obtained to maximize the accumulated transmission data rate for a given period of time. Numerical results are provided to validate our pilot signal design method and they show that the proposed method yields good performance.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, submitted to IEEE ICC 201

Outage Probability and Outage-Based Robust Beamforming for MIMO Interference Channels with Imperfect Channel State Information

In this paper, the outage probability and outage-based beam design for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) interference channels are considered. First, closed-form expressions for the outage probability in MIMO interference channels are derived under the assumption of Gaussian-distributed channel state information (CSI) error, and the asymptotic behavior of the outage probability as a function of several system parameters is examined by using the Chernoff bound. It is shown that the outage probability decreases exponentially with respect to the quality of CSI measured by the inverse of the mean square error of CSI. Second, based on the derived outage probability expressions, an iterative beam design algorithm for maximizing the sum outage rate is proposed. Numerical results show that the proposed beam design algorithm yields better sum outage rate performance than conventional algorithms such as interference alignment developed under the assumption of perfect CSI.Comment: 41 pages, 14 figures. accepted to IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication

The capacity for the linear time-invariant Gaussian relay channel

In this paper, the Gaussian relay channel with linear time-invariant relay filtering is considered. Based on spectral theory for stationary processes, the maximum achievable rate for this subclass of linear Gaussian relay operation is obtained in finite-letter characterization. The maximum rate can be achieved by dividing the overall frequency band into at most eight subbands and by making the relay behave as an instantaneous amplify-and-forward relay at each subband. Numerical results are provided to evaluate the performance of LTI relaying.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to ICASSP 201

Non-Audit Services And The Persistence And Market Pricing Of Earnings: Evidence From Korea

We examine the effects of the concurrent provision of audit and non-audit services on auditor independence using earnings persistence, which is one of the qualitative properties of earnings, as well as related market responses. Empirical results are as follows. First, the accruals persistence of the group that is concurrently provided audit and non-audit services in many cases is shown to be lower than that of the group that is not concurrently provided audit and non-audit services. Second, the phenomenon of low accruals persistence of the group that is concurrently provided a lot of audit and non-audit services is shown to be overestimated in the market. This study contributes to existing research in three main respects. First, from the viewpoint of earnings persistence, it is verified that rather than whether non-audit services are provided or not, the level of non-audit services acts as an important factor in determining damage to auditor independence by the concurrent provision of audit and non-audit services. Second, in relation to market rationality, whether the market appropriately reflects changes in the persistence of earnings and accruals according to whether non-audit services are provided or not is analyzed. Third, through additional analysis, it is verified that differences in the persistence of earnings and accruals among groups that are concurrently provided audit and non-audit services vary with the audit environment

Urban Housing Redevelopment: An Analysis of the Perception of Vitality in Apartment Neighborhood Redevelopment in Korea.

This study aims to explore residential preferences, satisfaction, and use patterns in a set of case-studies of apartment neighborhoods in Korea. For this, the case-study method is applied with combined research strategies to examine four cases of apartment neighborhood redevelopment in Korea, namely Weolgok R, Gongdeok R, Jangan H, and Yeoksam E apartment estates. This research employs Canter’s place model for organizing a data collection framework to understand the perception of vitality in Korean apartment neighborhoods. The research approach focuses on three elements of Canter’s place model: physical attributes, activities, and meanings. Exploring residents’ perceptions of place vitality, this study reveals that the four examples of Korean apartment redevelopment projects demonstrate an increase of physical accessibility and exposure. However, although those four have the possibility to be spatially integrated within their neighborhoods, the redevelopment results demonstrate enhancement of segregation from other neighborhoods nearby. In addition, places with vitality are perceived when places inside and outside the redeveloped estates are integrated and exposed, and when people frequent places. However, these perceptions show conflicts of enclosure and exposure and hierarchy of places inside and outside the estates. Accordingly, creating places with vitality is associated with (a) considering integration and exposure of physical place conditions, (b) considering the link between people’s daily experiences and these physical places, (c) balancing boundary conditions around redeveloped neighborhoods. Differentiated, privatized, and semi-gated apartment-dominant context is the model of Korean apartment redevelopment. Findings in the four examples of Korean apartment redevelopment projects indicate that they have an integrated spatial configuration inside, yet generate segregation of these apartment neighborhoods from other neighborhoods. Since everyday life is important in and to place vitality, the current method of apartment-dominant neighborhoods needs reconsideration of, indeed promotion of, daily experiences and balance of boundary conflicts in urban housing redevelopment.Ph.D.ArchitectureUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/89819/1/zeroiron_1.pd