Developing an Open Innovation Attitude Assessment Framework for Organizations: Focusing on Open Innovation Role Perspective and Locus of Activity

From an organizational perspective, open innovation (OI) capability assessments are becoming increasingly important. The authors propose that an organization’s attitude toward interactive OI activities among OI stakeholders can reveal its degree of capability. This paper aims to focus on an organization’s OI attitude measurement scales and develop a framework linked to the role perspectives and loci of OI activities occurring at the organizational level. This research will introduce a practical, theory-based indication of OI assessment by combining a deductive process that identifies organizational OI attitude constructs with an inductive framework development process. First, the authors conducted an extensive literature review of attitude measurement on the execution of OI. Then, they performed empirical data analysis using a large-scale structured attitude assessment survey from individuals in domestic and multi-national corporations (n = 134), which led to the development of questionnaire sets on attitude evaluation. This study contributes to developing an organizational OI attitude assessment scale. Furthermore, based on empirical data analysis, the research framework demonstrated the reliability and validity of the organizational OI attitude measurement scale. Specifically, the scale contains proven questionnaires assessing OI attitudes by interrogating individual actors’ impact, behavior, and cognition regarding their organization’s OI activities. The organization’s three role perspectives (transfer, absorption, and brokerage) and two loci of activities in the OI ecosystem provide six distinct dimensions, suggesting areas of focus for a firm’s strategic OI direction

High Performance IoT Cloud Computing Framework Using Pub/Sub Techniques

The Internet of Things is attracting attention as a solution to rural sustainability crises, such as slowing income, exports, and growth rates due to the aging of industries. To develop a high-performance IoT platform, we designed and implemented an IoT cloud platform using pub/sub technologies. This design reduces the difficulty of overhead for management and communication, despite the harsh IoT environment. In this study, we achieved high performance by applying the pub/sub platform with two different characteristics. As the size and frequency of data acquired from IoT nodes increase, we improved performance through MQTT and Kafka protocols and multiple server architecture. MQTT was applied for fast processing of small data, and Kafka was applied for reliable processing of large data. We also mounted various sensors and actuators to measure the data of growth for each device using the protocol. For example, DHT11, MAX30102, WK-ADB-K07-19, SG-90, and so on. As a result of performance evaluation, the MQTT Kafka platform implemented in this research was found to be effective for use in environments where network bandwidth is limited or a large amount of data is continuously transmitted and received. We realized the performance as follows: the response time for user requests was measured to be within 100 ms on average, data transmission order verification for more than 13 million requests, data processing performance per second on an average of 113,134.89 record/s, and 64,313 requests per second were performed for requests that occurred simultaneously from multiple clients

High Performance IoT Cloud Computing Framework Using Pub/Sub Techniques

The Internet of Things is attracting attention as a solution to rural sustainability crises, such as slowing income, exports, and growth rates due to the aging of industries. To develop a high-performance IoT platform, we designed and implemented an IoT cloud platform using pub/sub technologies. This design reduces the difficulty of overhead for management and communication, despite the harsh IoT environment. In this study, we achieved high performance by applying the pub/sub platform with two different characteristics. As the size and frequency of data acquired from IoT nodes increase, we improved performance through MQTT and Kafka protocols and multiple server architecture. MQTT was applied for fast processing of small data, and Kafka was applied for reliable processing of large data. We also mounted various sensors and actuators to measure the data of growth for each device using the protocol. For example, DHT11, MAX30102, WK-ADB-K07-19, SG-90, and so on. As a result of performance evaluation, the MQTT Kafka platform implemented in this research was found to be effective for use in environments where network bandwidth is limited or a large amount of data is continuously transmitted and received. We realized the performance as follows: the response time for user requests was measured to be within 100 ms on average, data transmission order verification for more than 13 million requests, data processing performance per second on an average of 113,134.89 record/s, and 64,313 requests per second were performed for requests that occurred simultaneously from multiple clients

Control of hippocampal prothrombin kringle-2 (pKr-2) expression reduces neurotoxic symptoms in five familial Alzheimer's disease mice

Background and Purpose: There is a scarcity of information regarding the role of prothrombin kringle-2 (pKr-2), which can be generated by active thrombin, in hippocampal neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Experimental Approach: To assess the role of pKr-2 in association with the neurotoxic symptoms of AD, we determined pKr-2 protein levels in post-mortem hippocampal tissues of patients with AD and the hippocampi of five familial AD (5XFAD) mice compared with those of age-matched controls and wild-type (WT) mice, respectively. In addition, we investigated whether the hippocampal neurodegeneration and object memory impairments shown in 5XFAD mice were mediated by changes to pKr-2 up-regulation. Key Results: Our results demonstrated that pKr-2 was up-regulated in the hippocampi of patients with AD and 5XFAD mice, but was not associated with amyloid-β aggregation in 5XFAD mice. The up-regulation of pKr-2 expression was inhibited by preservation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) via addition of caffeine to their water supply or by treatment with rivaroxaban, an inhibitor of factor Xa that is associated with thrombin production. Moreover, the prevention of up-regulation of pKr-2 expression reduced neurotoxic symptoms, such as hippocampal neurodegeneration and object recognition decline due to neurotoxic inflammatory responses in 5XFAD mice. Conclusion and Implications: We identified a novel pathological mechanism of AD mediated by abnormal accumulation of pKr-2, which functions as an important pathogenic factor in the adult brain via blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. Thus, pKr-2 represents a novel target for AD therapeutic strategies and those for related conditions. © 2021 The Authors. British Journal of Pharmacology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Pharmacological Society.TRU