Transgenesis and Genome Editing in Poultry

The transgenic approach and precise editing of specific loci in the genome have diverse practical uses in animal biotechnology. Recent advances in genome-editing technology, including clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) have helped to generate highly valuable and quality-improved poultry. The production of transgenic and genome-edited birds mainly depends on primordial germ cells (PGCs), which are the progenitor cells of gametes, due to the unique system that is quite different from the mammalian system. This chapter introduces the basic physiology of avian PGCs and the latest PGC-mediated methodologies in transgenesis and genome editing of birds. Based on these techniques, future applications of precisely genome-modulated poultry are discussed to provide opportunities and benefits for humans

Microencapsulation of imidazole curing agent by solvent evaporation method using W/O/W emulsion

The epoxy–imidazole resin system is used to form the anisotropic conducting film. The latent character of the system is very significant. In this study, imidazole (Im) or 2‐methylimidazole (2MI) was encapsulated for the latent curing system to use in the reaction of epoxy resin. Polycaprolactone was used as a wall material, and the solvent evaporation method was used to form the microcapsule using W/O/W emulsion. The shelf life of the microcapsules was studied for the epoxy resin, and the curing behavior of the microcapsules for epoxy resin was examined using a differential scanning calorimeter. The curing times at 150 and 180°C were estimated using an indentation method. The microcapsules of Im or 2MI exhibited a long shelf life for epoxy resin. When comparing the results of the previous methods with the results of this study using the W/O/W emulsion, finer microcapsules were formed and the microcapsule has longer shelf life. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98341/1/38767_ftp.pd

Spectrochemical analysis of the Moldavites, Ba, Li, Sr, and Rb

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, 1964.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 25-26).by Jae-young Hwang.M.S

Impacts Of The 2008 Financial Crisis On South American Equity Markets

This paper examines the transmission of the 2008 US financial crisis to four Latin American stock markets using daily stock returns from 2006 to 2009, analyzing returns before and during the 2008 financial crisis. The empirical evidence presents a financial integration by showing persistently higher volatility during the crisis period. This indicates that most of the stock markets in this study were severely hit by the US financial crisis. However, the evidence shows that Chile was less impacted by the 2008 financial crisis. The results here could be useful in international portfolio diversification decision-making in South American region

Pseudo-Differential Neural Operator: Generalized Fourier Neural Operator for Learning Solution Operators of Partial Differential Equations

Learning the mapping between two function spaces has garnered considerable research attention. However, learning the solution operator of partial differential equations (PDEs) remains a challenge in scientific computing. Fourier neural operator (FNO) was recently proposed to learn solution operators, and it achieved an excellent performance. In this study, we propose a novel \textit{pseudo-differential integral operator} (PDIO) to analyze and generalize the Fourier integral operator in FNO. PDIO is inspired by a pseudo-differential operator, which is a generalized differential operator characterized by a certain symbol. We parameterize this symbol using a neural network and demonstrate that the neural network-based symbol is contained in a smooth symbol class. Subsequently, we verify that the PDIO is a bounded linear operator, and thus is continuous in the Sobolev space. We combine the PDIO with the neural operator to develop a \textit{pseudo-differential neural operator} (PDNO) and learn the nonlinear solution operator of PDEs. We experimentally validate the effectiveness of the proposed model by utilizing Darcy flow and the Navier-Stokes equation. The obtained results indicate that the proposed PDNO outperforms the existing neural operator approaches in most experiments.Comment: 23 pages, 13 figure

Bright color optical switching device by polymer network liquid crystal with a specular reflector

The color optical switching device by polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC) with color filter on a specular reflector shows excellent performance; white reflectance of 22%, color gamut of 32%, and contrast ratio up to 50:1 in reflective mode measurement. The view-angle dependence of the reflectance can be adjusted by changing the PNLC thickness. The color chromaticity shown by the device is close to the limit value of color filters, and its value nearly remains with respect to the operating voltage. These optical properties of the device can be explained from the prediction based on multiple interactions between the light and the droplets of liquid crystal. The high reflectance, vivid color image, and moderate responds time allow the PNLC device to drive good color moving image. It can widely extend the applications of the reflective device. © 2011 Optical Society of America.1

Extreme Risk Spillover in Financial Markets: Evidence from the Recent Financial Crisis

This paper evaluates the data from the recent financial crisis to examine the risk spillover effects of financial markets value at risk (VaR), which captures the extreme behavior of an asset, is considered a measure of risk in an asset or in a market. We hypothesize that an extreme downside movement of returns in a market measured by a VaR has negative effects on other markets, causing a similar movement of returns in the latter. In particular, we postulate that in the recent crisis, an extreme downside movement in a major market affected other markets, and that these effects intensified. Our empirical results based on the data from several countries with various markets confirm these postulates