Intervention Strategies for Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in Organic Soil and on Fresh Produce

Recently, foodborne diseases caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella have been increasingly associated with the consumption of fresh produce. Consumers' demand for safe, natural products has led to research on natural antimicrobials for effective control of foodborne pathogens on fresh produce, which can be inadvertently contaminated by soil. Therefore, there is a need to control microbial loads in soil to minimize contamination. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of cinnamaldehyde, Ecotrol®, eugenol, Sporan® and acetic acid against E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in organic soil, and to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of cinnamaldehyde and Sporan® alone, or in combination with acetic acid against E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and the native microflora of iceberg, romaine and spinach leaves. The quality parameters of the treated fresh produce were monitored, whereas the modes of action of cinnamaldehyde and Sporan® were investigated. The results showed that cinnamaldehyde had the highest bactericidal activity against E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in organic soil. Increases in oil concentration resulted in further reduction of both microorganisms. Up to 5 and 6 log CFU/g of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella, respectively, were reduced with 2% Sporan® and acetic acid after 24 h. Sporan® in combination with acetic acid (1000SV) and 800 ppm cinnamaldehyde-Tween reduced significantly E. coli O157:H7 (~3 log CFU/g) on iceberg and spinach leaves following treatment at day 0. Likewise, 1000SV treatment reduced Salmonella ~ 2.5 log CFU/g at day 0. E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella populations in treated iceberg, spinach and romaine leaves were reduced during storage at 4°C. The native microflora of untreated and treated spinach and lettuce leaves increased during the storage time. The texture and the color of iceberg, romaine and spinach leaves treated with essential oils were not significantly different from the control lettuce after 14 days. The scanning and transmission electron microscopy of oil-treated bacterial cells indicated possible cell structural damage and leakage of cellular content. This study shows the potential use of essential oils to effectively reduce E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella populations in soil and on fresh produce without adversely affecting leaf color and texture

MARXIST’S ALIENATION IN JOHN STEINBECK’S OF MICE AND MEN’S CHARACTERS

Abstrak   Pengasingan diri merupakan musuh utama dalam bidang kemanusiaan. Bentuk pengasingan diri terjadi melalui diri sendiri maupun dari orang lain. Namun, menurut pandangan seorang Karl Marx, pengasingan ini terjadi kepada seseorang akibat dari kapitalisme yang terjadi pada sebuah kelompok. Hal itulah yang terjadi pada para pekerja peternakan kuda yang ada di dalam cerita Of Mice and Men oleh John Steinbeck. George dan semua pekerja peternakan menghadapi kapitalisme di dalam komunitas mereka. Disinilah terindikasi terjadinya perbuatan mengasingkan diri di antara para pekerja peternakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah karakter-karakter di novel Of Mice and Men mengalami pengasingan sesuai teori Karl Marx. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kapitalisme menjadi latar belakang terjadinya pengasingan diri oleh para pekerja. Kata Kunci: pengasingan diri, kapitalisme.   Abstract   Alienation is believed as a major problem in humanity. The forms of alienation come from self either from surroundings. However, according to Karl Marx’s view, alienation occurs due to the capitalism happens in a community. In the story of Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, George and the ranch workers live inside a capitalistic society. This study aims to reveal if the characters in the story are alienated according Marxist’s feature. In result, they are indicated to be alienated due to the class division inside the ranch. This suits to Marxist’s features of alienation. Keywords: alienation, capitalism.  &nbsp

Pengaruh Strategi Karyawisata Dan Sensitivitas Ekologis Terhadap Apresiasi Siswa Tentang Pelestarian Satwa

Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengungkapkan pengaruh strategi karyawisata dan sensitivitas ekologi terhadap apresiasi pelestarian satwa. Penelitian dilaksanakan terhadap siswa SMAN 22 Jakarta dengan desain penelitrian eksperimen faktorial 2 x 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) apresiasi pelestarian satwa pada perlakuan karya wisata antara habitat alami dan karya wisata di penangkaran tidak menunjukan adanya perbedaan, (2) Kelompok siswa dengan sensitivitas ekologi tinggi, apresiasi pelestraian satwa antara karya wisata di habitat alami dan di penangkaran tidak menunjukan perbedaan, (3) Kelompok siswa dengan tingkat sensitivitas ekologis rendah, apresiasi pelestarian satwa antara perlakuan karya wisata di habitat alami dan di penangkaran tidak menunjukan perbedaan, (4) Terdapat interaksi signifikan antara strategi karyawisata dengan sensitivitas ekologis terhadap apresiasi pelestarian satwa. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka dalam peningkatan apresiasi siswa dalam apresiasi pelestraian satwa penggunaan strategi pembelajaran melalui karya wisata dan dikontrol dengan faktor sensitivitas ekologi seharusnya dapat dipertimbangkan

Pengembangan Multimedia Interaktif Berbasis Software Macromedia Flash 8 untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Sekolah Dasar

Motivasi belajar sangat mempengaruhi keberhasilan belajar peserta didik. Keberhasilan belajar akan tercapai apabila adanya kemauan dan dorongan untuk peserta didik untuk belajar. Peneliitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar peserta didik dengan mengembangkan multimedia pembelajaran interaktif berbasis software macromedia flash 8 yang valid, praktis dan efektif bagi peserta didik. Peneltian ini menggunakan metode pengembangan dengan model ADDIE. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh pada tingkat motivasi peserta didik berada pada rata-rata 65 dengan kategori sedang, kemudian setelah menggunakan multimedia pembelajaran interaktif yang dikembangkan meningkat menjadi 95 dengan kategori sangat tinggi. Begitu juga dengan hasil belajar peserta didik. Pada pretest peserta didik memperoleh rata-rata sebesar 77 kemudian terjadi peningkatan pada saat posttest dengan perolehan nilai rata-rata 93. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa multimedia interaktif memiliki pengaruh terhadap peningkatan motivasi dan hasil belajar pesera didi

The Effect Of Subtitution Of Potato Starch On The Pie Crust

This research was motivated by the high production of potatoes in West Sumatra which caused the utilization of potatoes to be less than optimal. Potatoes have a high moisture content so that if they are not properly utilized, they will spoil quickly, efforts can be made to extend the shelf life of potatoes by processing potatoes into starch. Potato flour has excellent nutritional value because it contains high starch (starch) resistance so that it can be processed into pie crusts. This study aims to analyze the effect of substitution of potato starch as much as 15%, 30%, and 45% on the quality of the shape, color, aroma, texture, and taste of the pie crust. This type of pure experimental research with a completely randomized design method. The dependent variable is the quality of the pie crust using primary data sourced from 3 expert panelists by proposing an organoleptic test format. Analysis of data with ANOVA, if Fcount> Ftable then proceed with the Duncan test. The results showed that there was no significant effect of potato starch substitution on the quality of the pie crust (jagged round shape, uniform shape, neat shape, color, crunchy texture, and brittle texture) because Fcount Ftable. The best results were found in X1 with 15% substitution of potato starch. 

Journal of African Christian Biography: v. 2, no. 3

A publication of the Dictionary of African Christian Biography with U.S. offices located at the Center for Global Christianity and Mission at Boston University. This issue focuses on: 1. Agnes Okoh. 2. Self-Sacrificial Christian Pioneers of Uganda. 3. Apolo Kivebulaya. 4. Njangalia. 5. Spetume Florence. 6. Luwum. 7. Janani Jakaliya. 8. Anglican Church in Uganda. 9. Lamin Sanneh

Relationship between disaster knowledge and environmental culture with disaster preparedness behaviour

ABSTRACTThis research consists of two independent variables, the disaster knowledge and environmental culture, and a dependent variable of disaster preparedness behaviour. The objective is to determine the relationship between disaster knowledge and environmental culture with disaster preparedness behaviour, as well as the relationship between both of the together with disaster preparedness behaviour. The study was conducted through 166 students of three senior high schools in the District of West Karawang, West Java, which taken by proportional random sampling. The method of survey was employed in this study and the data analyzed by statistical test of correlation and simple linier regression as well as multiple linear correlation and regression, which was conducted at significance level of α = 0.01 and α = 0.05. Based on the results, it was found that there was a positive and significant relationship between disaster knowledge and disaster preparedness behaviour with a correlation coefficient value of ry1 = 0.22 and a coefficient of determination value of (r2) = 0.049. There is a positive and significant relationship between environmental culture and disaster preparedness behaviour with a correlation coefficient value of ry2 = 0.25 and a coefficient of determination value of (r2) = 0.064. There is a positive and significant relationship between disaster knowledge and environmental culture together with disaster preparedness behaviour with a correlation coefficient value of ry12 = 0.32 and a coefficient of determination value of (r2) = 0.097. Thus, it can be concluded that student’s disaster preparedness behaviour can be improved through either disaster knowledge and environmental culture. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini terdiri atas dua variabel bebas, pengetahuan kebencanaan dan budaya lingkungan, serta satu variabel terikat yaitu perilaku siaga bencana. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan kebencanaan, budaya lingkungan dengan perilaku siaga bencana, serta hubungan keduanya secara bersama-sama dengan perilaku siaga bencana. Penelitian dilaksanakan melalui 166 siswa di tiga sekolah menengah atas, Kecamatan Karawang Barat, yang diambil secara proporsional random sampling. Metode survey digunakan dan data dianalisis dengan uji statistik korelasi dan regresi sederhana serta korelasi dan regresi linear ganda, dilakukan pada taraf signifikansi α = 0,01 dan α = 0,05. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara pengetahuan kebencanaan dengan perilaku siaga bencana dengan nilai koefisien korelasi ry1 = 0,22 dan koefisien determinasi (r2) = 0,049. Terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara budaya lingkungan dengan perilaku siaga bencana dengan nilai koefisien korelasi ry2 = 0,25dan koefisien determinasi (r2) = 0,064. Terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara pengetahuan kebencanaan dan budaya lingkungan secara bersama-sama dengan perilaku siaga bencana, dengan nilai koefisien korelasi ry12 = 0,32 dan koefisien determinasi (r2) = 0,097. Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa perilaku siaga bencana siswa dapat ditingkatkan melalui pengetahuan kebencanaan dan budaya lingkungan. Keywords: Disaster knowledge; environmental culture; disaster preparedness behaviou