Time-Resolved Observation of Deposition Process of Ultrananocrystalline Diamond/Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon Composite Films in Pulsed Laser Deposition

Optical emission spectroscopy was used to study pulsed laser ablation of graphite in a hydrogen atmosphere wherein ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD)/hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) composite films were grown on heated substrates. Time-resolved photographs of a plume that expanded from a laser-irradiation spot toward a substrate were taken using a high-speed ICCD camera equipped with narrow-bandpass filters. While the emissions from C atoms and C2 dimers lasted above the laser-irradiation spot on the target, the emission from C+ ions lasted above the substrate surface for approximately 7 microseconds, although the emission lifetime of species is generally approximately 10 nanoseconds. This implies that C+ ions actively collided with each other above the substrate surface for such a long time. We believe that the keys to UNCD growth in PLD are the supply of highly energetic carbon species at a high density to the substrate and existence of atomic hydrogen during the growth

Effects of Arranging Training Dikes on the Formation of Central Sandbars

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchive

Sustainable super-hard and thick nanodiamond composite film deposited on cemented carbide substrates with an interfacial Al-interlayer.

Super-hard nanodiamond composite (NDC) films, synthesized via cathodic arc plasma deposition on unheated WC−Co substrates, offer an eco-friendly solution for cutting tools. A 100 nm-thick Al-interlayer mitigates Co catalytic effects, improving adhesion and yielding smooth and dense 10 µm-thick films at a deposition rate of 3.3μm/hr. These grain-boundary-rich nanostructured films, with an impressive 58 GPa hardness attributed to a substantial 70% C sp3 fraction, prove optimal for hard coatings. The Al-interlayer effectively suppresses Co catalytic effects, forming a dense Al-oxide layer, enhancing film hardness and adhesion (Lcr=18.6N). NDC films present a promising eco-friendly option for high-performance hard coatings

Surface morphology and wettability for thin films of beta-iron disilicide produced through direct-current sputtering utilizing a pair of facing targets

In the current work, beta-FeSi2 films were epitaxially produced onto Si(111) wafer substrates via usage of facing-targets direct-current sputtering (FTDCS). The temperature for substrate heating was maintained at 600 °C and the sputtering pressure was set at 1.33 × 10-1 Pa. The surface morphology and contact angles of the beta-FeSi2 films were explored consistently in this research. Images of three-dimensional AFM and FESEM for the beta-FeSi2 film surface revealed a smooth surface with a root mean square roughness of 1.31 nm and a porous area. The average contact angle between the dropped water and beta-FeSi2 film surface was found to be 98.7°, establishing that the surface of the beta-FeSi2 films was hydrophobic. The acquired experimental results revealed the commencement of the hydrophobic surface feature of the beta-FeSi2 films produced via FTDCS approach

Wear-resistant and adherent nanodiamond composite thin film for durable and sustainable silicon carbide mechanical seals.

In response to environmental concerns, there is a growing demand for durable and sustainable mechanical seals, particularly in high-risk industries like chemical, petroleum, and nuclear sectors. This work proposes augmenting the durability and sustainability of silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic seals with the application of a nanodiamond composite (NDC) film through coaxial arc plasma deposition (CAPD) in a vacuum atmosphere. The NDC coating, with a smooth surface roughness of Ra = 60 nm as substrate, demonstrated a thickness of 1.1 μm at a deposition rate of 2.6 μm/hr. NDC film has demonstrated exceptional mechanical and tribological characteristics, such as a hardness of 48.5 GPa, Young’s modulus of 496.7 GPa, plasticity index (H/E) of 0.098, and fracture toughness of H3/E2 = 0.46 GPa, respectively. These NDC films showcased commendable adhesion strength (> 60 N), negligible wear, and low friction (≤ 0.18) during dry sliding against a SiC counter material. Raman analysis has confirmed the nanocomposite structure of NDC film, emphasizing the role of highly energetic carbon ions in enhancing film adhesion by forming SiC intermetallic compounds at the interface through the diffusion of silicon atoms from the substrate into the films. The abundance of grain boundaries and rehybridization of carbon sp3 to sp2 bonding is perceived to improve tribological performance. CAPD excels in synthesizing long-life eco-friendly NDC coatings for durable and sustainable mechanical seals, featuring smooth surfaces, superior adhesion, outstanding hardness, and wear resistance, making them high potential candidates for various tribological applications

Temperature-dependent magnetoresistance effects in FeSi/FeSi/FeSi trilayered spin valve junctions

Fe3Si/FeSi2/Fe3Si trilayered junctions were fabricated by facing targets direct-current sputtering combined with a mask method, and the spin valve signals of the junctions were studied in the temperature range from 50 to 300 K. Whereas the magnetoresistance ratio of giant magnetoresistance and tunnel magnetoresistance junctions monotonically increases with decreasing temperature, that of our samples has the maximum value around 80 K and decreases with decreasing temperature at lower than 80 K, which might be due to an increase in the electrical conductivity mismatch between the metallic Fe3Si layers and semiconducting FeSi2 interlayer in the low temperature range.Asia-Pacific Conference on Semiconducting Silicides and Related Materials — Science and Technology Towards Sustainable Electronics (APAC Silicide 2016), July 16-18, 2016, Fukuoka, Japa

乗用カート使用によるゴルフラウンドでの血圧，脈拍の変化

Regular aerobic physical activity increases exercise capacity and plays an important role in prevention of cardiovascular disease. Our study aimed at evaluation of level of exercise intensity during playing golf using a self-driving golf cart with monitoring both heart rates and blood pressure. Seven healthy middle-aged and older men （ 49 years old， SD: 6，1） performed playing golf with monitoring Holter-ECG and blood pressure using a golf cart and also performed doing their routine job with monitoring Holter-ECG and blood pressure. The mean heart rates （ 107 beats/min， SD:18） on playing golf moderately and significantly elevated in compared with the mean heart rates （ 82 beats/min， SD: 14） on doing routine job. The mean systolic blood pressure （ 131 mmHg， SD: 16） on playing golf significantly higher than the mean systolic blood pressure（ 123 mmHg， SD: 15） on doing routine job. However， there was no difference between the mean diastolic blood pressure （ 82 mmHg， SD: 14） on playing golf and the mean diastolic blood pressure （ 86 mmHg， SD: 11） on doing routine job. In comparison with doing routine job， systolic blood pressure at starting time of playing golf just before the tee shot was significantly elevated probably due to excitation of sympathetic nerve system. We suggest that playing golf even if using a self-driving golf cart is suitable and recommendable exercise for prevention of disease