Facile one-pot synthesis of diaryliodonium salts from arenes and aryl iodides with oxone

A straightforward synthesis of diaryliodonium salts is achieved by using Oxone as the stoichiometric oxidant. Slow addition is the key to obtaining good yields and purities of the reaction products, which are highly useful reagents in many different areas of organic synthesis

Association between acetylcholine receptor characteristics in biceps motor endplates and the epidemiological predictors for conversion from ocular to generalized myasthenia gravis

Objective: Epidemiological studies have identified various predictors of conversion from ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) to secondary generalized myasthenia gravis (SGMG), but none have been confirmed. We investigated the effects of the epidemiological conversion predictors on the destruction of motor endplates in the biceps of patients with OMG and attempted to identify predictors of conversion to SGMG histologically.Methods: Patients with clinically diagnosed OMG who requested immunohistological diagnosis and who underwent muscle biopsy were included in this study. We immunostained the biceps motor endplate and semi-quantitatively measured the density and number of AChRs to determine their association with the epidemiological predictors of conversion from OMG to SGMG.Results: Thirteen patients with OMG were included, of which two patients with positive AChR antibody and concomitant thymoma converted to SGMG. In the classification according to the presence of AChR antibody, the AChR densities tended to be lower in the antibody-positive group than in the negative group (p=0.079), and the AChR numbers were significantly lesser in the AChR antibody-positive group than in the negative group (p=0.019). There were no differences in AChR densities or numbers according to sex, presence of thymic abnormalities, or presence of comorbid autoimmune diseases.Conclusion: In OMG, the AChR numbers in motor endplates of the biceps were significantly lesser in the AChR antibodypositive group than in the negative group. Since the muscle strength tends to decrease as the number of AChRs decreases, AChR antibody positivity may be a predictor of OMG to SGMG conversion, but further studies are needed to confirm

The rice OsERF101 transcription factor regulates the NLR Xa1-mediated immunity induced by perception of TAL effectors

イネが病原菌の感染力の源を検出して免疫を誘導する仕組みを解明 --病気に強い植物の開発に期待--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-09-07.Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) initiate immune responses by recognizing pathogen effectors. The rice gene Xa1 encodes an NLR with an N-terminal BED domain, and recognizes transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Our goal is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms controlling the induction of immunity by Xa1. We used yeast two-hybrid assays to screen for host factors that interact with Xa1 and identified the AP2/ERF-type transcription factor OsERF101/OsRAP2.6. Molecular complementation assays were used to confirm the interactions among Xa1, OsERF101, and two TAL effectors. We created OsERF101-overexpressing and knockout mutant lines in rice and identified genes differentially regulated in these lines, many of which are predicted to be involved in regulation of response to stimulus. Xa1 interacts in the nucleus with the TAL effectors and OsERF101 via the BED domain. Unexpectedly, both the overexpression and knockout lines of OsERF101 displayed Xa1-dependent, enhanced resistance to an incompatible Xoo strain. Different sets of genes were up- or down-regulated in the overexpression and knockout lines. Our results indicate that OsERF101 regulates the recognition of TAL effectors by Xa1, and functions as a positive regulator of Xa1-mediated immunity. Further, an additional Xa1-mediated immune pathway is negatively regulated by OsERF101

Combined treatment using Mohs' paste and neoadjuvant chemotherapy for giant gluteal soft tissue sarcoma with malignant fungating wound: a case report

A malignant fungating wound is a cutaneous infiltration of malignant tumor or metastatic lesion that develop into ulceration. Local control is often difficult to obtain, because the Quality of Life of patients can decrease considerably due to bleeding, exudation, odor and pain from the wound. There are few studies in the literature that report the use of Mohs' paste for soft tissue sarcoma with malignant fungating wound. We report a case resulting in good local control for a patient with dedifferentiated liposarcoma with gluteal ulceration by the combined use of Mohs' paste and chemotherapy as a pre-operative adjuvant therapy. Mohs' paste controlled the infection, odor and exudation in approximately 2 weeks, and good visualization of the surgical field was obtained due to tumor volume reduction. We found that Mohs' paste is effective as a neoadjuvant therapy for disintegrated soft tissue sarcoma.ArticleJournal of surgical case reports 2019(5) : rjz137(2019)journal articl