A preliminary proposal of policy for dairy herd health management from the viewpoints of culling in the Hiroshima University Farm

近年日本の乳牛の平均除籍産次数が3.4産程度に低下しており，対策が必要な現状にある．本研究の目的は，本学農場の乳牛除籍の傾向を把握して，対策について考察することである．2000～2015年度の本農場の記録をもとに解析した．本農場では常時20～25頭程度の搾乳牛が飼養され，2011年3月までは1日2回のパーラー搾乳，それ以降は24時間自動搾乳が行われた．期間内に83頭の乳牛が除籍になり，うち67頭が肉畜として出荷され，16頭が農場内で死亡した．除籍頭数割合は産次とともに増加し，6産時が最も多かった．除籍率は，初産時が最も低く，徐々に増加して4産，5産時に40%を超え，6産時に急激に増加して77.8%となった．除籍理由として，繁殖障害，乳房炎等の疾病が推察された．一般的な繁殖成績改善と疾病予防を進めるとともに，6産以降は繁殖と疾病の履歴に基づき，飼養継続の判断基準確立が必要と考えられた．In Japan, mean value for parity of dairy cows at culling has decreased to 3.4; measures to improve this are required. The aim of the present study is to understand the trends of culling of dairy cows at the Hiroshima University Farm. For that purpose, the farm’s records for dairy cow culling during the period of 2000–2015 were analyzed. At the farm, 20–27 dairy cows are regularly being milked. In March 2011, the milking system at the farm was changed from a milking parlor system to an automatic milking system. During the 16 years analyzed, 67 cows sold for meat and 16 cows that died at the farm totaled to 83 culled cows. The proportion of culled cows for each parity to total culled cows increased with increasing parity, and the number of cows culled at their 6th parity was the highest. The proportion of culled cows to cows that delivered at each parity gradually increased to more than 40% at the 5th parity, and drastically increased to more than 77.8% at the 6th parity. The reasons for culling were reproductive difficulty and diseases, such as mastitis. Therefore, general measures for improving reproductive performance and disease prevention should be taken for the cows at the 4th or lower parity. In addition, for dairy cows at the 5th or higher parity, a diagnostic decision on whether they are artificially inseminated for further delivery or not might be required depending on the individual cow’s record of reproduction and diseases

Protocol for a multicentre, prospective observational study of elective neck dissection for clinically node-negative oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (END-TC study)

Introduction: In early-stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC), elective neck dissection (END) is recommended when occult lymph node metastasis is suspected; however, there is no unanimous consensus on the risks and benefits of END in such cases. The management of clinically node-negative (cN0) OTSCC remains controversial. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the efficacy of END and its impact on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with cN0 OTSCC. Methods and analysis: This is a prospective, multicentre, nonrandomised observational study. The choice of whether to perform END at the same time as resection of the primary tumour is based on institutional policy and patient preference. The primary endpoint of this study is 3-year overall survival. The secondary endpoint are 3-year disease-specific survival, 3-year relapse-free survival and the impact on patient QoL. Propensity score-matching analysis will be performed to reduce selection bias. Ethics and dissemination: This study was approved by the Clinical Research Review Board of the Nagasaki University. The protocol of this study was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry. The datasets generated during the current study will be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. The results will be disseminated internationally, through scientific and professional conferences and in peer-reviewed medical journals

Protocol for a multicentre, prospective observational study of elective neck dissection for clinically node-negative oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (END-TC study)

Introduction In early-stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC), elective neck dissection (END) is recommended when occult lymph node metastasis issuspected; however, there is no unanimous consensus on the risks and benefits of END in such cases. The management of clinically node-negative (cN0) OTSCCremains controversial. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the efficacy of END and its impact on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with cN0 OTSCC.Methods and analysis This is a prospective, multicentre, nonrandomised observational study. The choice of whether to perform END at the same time as resection of the primary tumour is based on institutional policy and patient preference. The primary endpoint of this study is 3-year overall survival. The secondary endpoints are3-year disease-specific survival, 3-year relapse-free survival and the impact on patient QoL. Propensity score-matching analysis will be performed to reduce selection bias.Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by the Clinical Research Review Board of the Nagasaki University. The protocol of this study was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry. The datasets generated during the current study will be available from the correspondingauthor on reasonable request. The results will be disseminated internationally, through scientific and professional conferences and in peer-reviewed medical journals

Muse, 1973-10-05

Memorial University of Newfoundland's student newspaper, providing coverage of university life as well as national and international news relating to students.Frequency: biweekly, 1951-present. Not published: March 1954? - April 1955. Includes advertisements

A study on the effect of teachers' guidance for student teachers at Shinonome Elementary & Jr. High schools, based on statistical analysis of pre- & post-questionnaires (II).

本研究は昨年度の同名研究(I)に引き続き学校単位での実習指導の効果検討を目的として行った。実習を通した実習生の意識変容と実習指導の目標達成程度等から指導効果を分析するため,附属東雲小および東雲中を調査校として実習生対象に事前,事後アンケートを行った。事前アンケートでは両校とも,教員として必要な資質・能力・技能と実習で実践すべきことに関する22項目それぞれについて自信の程度を5件法,事後では事前と同じ項目について自信の獲得程度を5件法で質問した。事前,事後で回答者をペアとして対応させ個々の変容を解析したところ殆ど全ての項目で実習後に高まっていた。また,事後アンケートにおける実習指導内容項目の有効感に関する回答(4件法)および教職に対する意欲高揚に関する回答(4件法)は両校とも高いレベルであった。また実習指導の各項目の回答分布と意欲高揚に関する回答分布の関連を解析した結果,両校とも授業に直接関わる指導に有意な関連が見いだされた。特に中学校では実習生が授業の評価について自信を得ており,かつ,授業評価指導に対する有効感と教職への意欲向上との有意な関連が明らかとなった

Split luciferase-based estimation of cytosolic cargo concentration delivered intracellularly via attenuated cationic amphiphilic lytic peptides

Intracellular delivery of biomacromolecules is challenging as these molecules are taken up by cells and encapsulated into vesicular compartments called endosomes, and the fraction of molecules that are translocated to the cytosol are particularly important to obtain desired biological responses. This study aimed to estimate the cytosolic concentrations of intracellularly delivered peptides and proteins to aid the design of novel and effective biopharmaceutical delivery systems. To this end, we employed the split NanoLuc luciferase system, using the 11-residue HiBiT peptide segment as a probe for the delivered molecules in cells expressing the complementary LgBiT protein segment. The efficacy in cytosolic HiBiT delivery was determined by measuring the resultant luciferase activity when the HiBiT segment delivered into the cytosol forms a complex with LgBiT. Mean cytosolic HiBiT concentration was calculated using cell number and cell volume analysis. L17E and HAad peptides, developed in our laboratory for intracellular protein delivery, yielded approximately 6-fold cellular HiBiT concentrations than that obtained in their absence

За кадры. 1977. № 45 (2040)

За народных депутатов / В. Финникова, С. Кошикова, А. ЗюльковОсновной закон нашей страны / В. Я. УшаковТретье место - не предел / В. АникинДля быта и настроения / В. КукушкинРеволюционная деятельность В. В. Куйбышева в Томске / А. Гагарин, В. СиняевПо новой технологии / С. ХабибулинПуть в науку. Они учились в ТПИ / И. Т. ЛозовскийКасса для всех / Г. БаторшинаГражданином быть обязан / З. И. КошкоВажная работа / В. ШтеймаркОтпуска / З. КошкоПраво на образованиеПрочитал книгу - верни / Р. ЩукинаЗа строкой решения съезд

Stearylated Macropinocytosis-Inducing Peptides Facilitating the Cellular Uptake of Small Extracellular Vesicles

Macropinocytosis is a form of endocytosis that allows massive uptake of extracellular materials and is a promising route for intracellular delivery of biofunctional macromolecules and nanoparticles. Our laboratory developed a potent macropinocytosis-inducing peptide named P4A. However, the ability of this peptide is not apparent in the presence of serum. This study aims to endow P4A and related peptides with the ability to induce macropinocytosis in the presence of serum by N-terminal acylation with long-chain fatty acids (i.e., decanoic, myristic, and stearic acids). Stearylated P4A (stearyl-P4A) had the highest effect on stimulating macropinocytotic uptake. Moreover, the intramolecularly disulfide-bridged analogue, stearyl-oxP4A, showed an even higher ability. The effect of stearyl-oxP4A to facilitate the intracellular delivery of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) was evaluated in terms of (i) cellular uptake using sEVs labeled with an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and (ii) cytosolic liberation and expression of sEV-encapsulated luciferase mRNA in recipient cells. The two- to threefold uptake of both sEVs in the presence of stearyl-oxP4A suggests the potential of the peptide for sEV delivery in the presence of serum

A study on the effect of teachers' guidance for student teachers at Shinonome Elementary & Jr. High schools, based on statistical analysis of pre- & post -questionnaires.

本研究は教科, 学年などの違いは考慮せず学校単位での実習指導の効果検討を目的としている。実習を通した実習生の意識変容から効果を分析するため, 附属東雲小および東雲中を調査校として実習生対象に事前, 事後アンケートを行った。事前では両校で自信があること, 自信がないことをそれぞれ選択肢から強く思う順に3項目を選択させた。その結果, 東雲中で自信がないことでは教科内容の理解・技能と授業のプラン, 自信があることでは着実な勤務が最も多い。また, 事後で自信が持てたことは子どもとのコミュニケーション, 課題となったことでは教科内容の理解・技能が最も多い。授業のプラン, 子どもの考えの把握, 指導案をどう書くかは事前と比べ事後で自信の度合が有意に高く, 板書では低下していた。東雲小の事前で自信がないことは授業をどう進めるか, 自信があることでは着実な勤務が最も多い。さらに東雲中の実習指導の具体的目標である教壇に立つ意欲の高まりに対する教員の指導の貢献を最適尺度法で解析した結果, 授業評価が最も重要度が高い。東雲小の同様な目標に対しては子ども理解が最も重要度が高いことが明らかとなった

Grafting Hydrophobic Amino Acids Critical for Inhibition of Protein–Protein Interactions on a Cell-Penetrating Peptide Scaffold

Stapled peptides are a promising class of conformationally restricted peptides for modulating protein-protein interactions (PPIs). However, the low membrane permeability of these peptides is an obstacle to their therapeutic applications. It is common that only a few hydrophobic amino acid residues are mandatory for stapled peptides to bind to their target proteins. Hoping to create a novel class of membrane-permeable PPI inhibitors, the phenylalanine, tryptophan, and leucine residues that play a critical role in inhibiting the p53-HDM2 interaction were grafted into the framework of CADY2─a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) having a helical propensity. Two analogues (CADY-3FWL and CADY-10FWL) induced apoptotic cell death but lacked the intended HDM2 interaction. Pull-down experiments followed by proteomic analysis led to the elucidation of nesprin-2 as a candidate binding target. Nesprin-2 is considered to play a role in the nuclear translocation of β-catenin upon activation of the Wnt signaling pathway, which leads to the expression of antiapoptosis proteins and cell survival. Cells treated with the two analogues showed decreased nuclear localization of β-catenin and reduced mRNA expression of related antiapoptotic proteins. These data suggest inhibition of β-catenin nuclear translocation as a possible mode of action of the described cell-penetrating stapled peptides