211 research outputs found
Avoiding the uncertainty from correlation between |Delta m_{31}^2| and CP phase delta in nu_mu --> nu_mu long baseline experiments
We introduce a new index I_{Delta m_{31}^2} to find where is the better setup
of the baseline length and energy to avoid as well as possible the uncertainty
from the correlation between Delta m_{31}^2 and cos(delta) in nu_mu --> nu_mu
long baseline experiments.Comment: 6 pages, 9 figure
Highly Efficient CRISPR-Associated Protein 9 Ribonucleoprotein-Based Genome Editing in Euglena gracilis
Euglena gracilis, a unicellular phytoflagellate microalga, is a promising biomaterial for foods, feeds, and biofuels. However, targeted mutagenesis in this species has been a long-standing challenge. We recently developed a transgene-free, highly efficient, genome editing method for E. gracilis using CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs). Our method achieved mutagenesis rates of approximately 80% or more through an electroporation-based direct delivery of Cas9 RNPs. Therefore, this method is suitable for basic research and industrial applications, such as the breeding of Euglena. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Nomura et al. (2019)
201-Thallium Chloride と99m-Techmetium Pertechnetateの動態解析による甲状腺結節の鑑別診断に関する研究:結節および正常甲状腺の厚さとバックグランドの補正
Myocardial sympathetic denervation prevents chamber-specific alteration of beta-adrenergic transmembrane signaling in rabbits with heart failure
Objectives.The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of myocardial sympathetic denervation on the chamber-specific alteration of beta-adrenergic signaling in left ventricular failure in rabbits.Background.Local abnormalities in sympathetic nerve terminals, including the neuronal reuptake of norepinephrine, are thought to be responsible for the chamber-specific regulation of beta-adrenergic signaling in heart failure.Methods.Sixteen rabbits were given 6-hydroxydopamine, 25 mg/kg body weight intravenously on days 1 and 2 and 50 mg/kg intravenously on days 7 and 8. Another 16 rabbits received vehicle. Aortic regurgitation was induced in eight of the 6-hydroxydopamine—treated and eight of the vehicle-treated rabbits on day 14. Another eight of the 6-hydroxydopamine—treated and eight of the vehicletreated rabbits underwent a sham operation. The hearts were excised for biochemical analysis on day 21.Results.Hemodynamic characteristics on day 21 showed left ventricular failure in both the aortic regurgitation groups. The plasma norepinephrine concentration on day 21 was higher in both the aortic regurgitation groups than in the sham groups. The beta-adrenoceptor densities and isoproterenol plus 5′guanylylimidodiphosphate-, 5′-guanylylimidodiphosphate- and sodium fluoride-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activities were decreased only in the failing left ventricle of the vehicle-pretreated aortic regurgitation group, but in both ventricles of the 6-hydroxydopamine-pretreated aortic regurgitation group. The basal and forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activities were similar in both the aortic regurgitation groups and in the sham groups.Conclusions.Sympathetic denervation prevented chamberspecific alterations in beta-adrenergic signaling in acute left ventricular failure. Local loss of sympathetic nerve endings, and especially the defective neuronal norepinephrine reuptake, are likely to be responsible for the chamber-specific alteration of the beta-adrenoceptor-G protein-adenylyl cyclase system in heart failure in rabbits
Collaborator of alternative reading frame protein (CARF) regulates early processing of pre-ribosomal RNA by retaining XRN2 (5′-3′ exoribonuclease) in the nucleoplasm
Collaborator of alternative reading frame protein (CARF) associates directly with ARF, p53, and/or human double minute 2 protein (HDM2), a ubiquitin-protein ligase, without cofactors and regulates cell proliferation by forming a negative feedback loop. Although ARF, p53, and HDM2 also participate in the regulation of ribosome biogenesis, the involvement of CARF in this process remains unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that CARF associates with 5′-3′ exoribonuclease 2 (XRN2), which plays a major role in both the maturation of rRNA and the degradation of a variety of discarded pre-rRNA species. We show that overexpression of CARF increases the localization of XRN2 in the nucleoplasm and a concomitant suppression of pre-rRNA processing that leads to accumulation of the 5′ extended from of 45S/47S pre-rRNA and 5′-01, A0-1 and E-2 fragments of pre-rRNA transcript in the nucleolus. This was also observed upon XRN2 knockdown. Knockdown of CARF increased the amount of XRN2 in the nucleolar fraction as determined by cell fractionation and by immnocytochemical analysis. These observations suggest that CARF regulates early steps of pre-rRNA processing during ribosome biogenesis by controlling spatial distribution of XRN2 between the nucleoplasm and nucleolus
Chtop (Chromatin target of Prmt1) auto-regulates its expression level via intron retention and nonsense-mediated decay of its own mRNA
Chtop (chromatin target of Prmt1) regulates various aspects of gene expression including transcription and mRNA export. Despite these important functions, the regulatory mechanism underlying Chtop expression remains undetermined. Using Chtop-expressing human cell lines, we demonstrate that Chtop expression is controlled via an autoregulatory negative feedback loop whereby Chtop binds its own mRNA to retain intron 2 during splicing; a premature termination codon present at the 5′ end of intron 2 leads to nonsense-mediated decay of the mRNA. We also show that Chtop interacts with exon 2 of Chtop mRNA via its arginine-glycine-rich (RG) domain, and with intron 2 via its N-terminal (N1) domain; both are required for retention of intron 2. In addition, we show that hnRNP H accelerates intron 2 splicing of Chtop mRNA in a manner dependent on Chtop expression level, suggesting that Chtop and hnRNP H regulate intron 2 retention of Chtop mRNA antagonistically. Thus, the present study provides a novel molecular mechanism by which mRNA and protein levels are constitutively regulated by intron retention
Measuring the Leptonic CP Phase in Oscillations
In oscillations, we find that the effect of the CP
phase becomes large in the region km. In this
region, the change of the probability in this channel reaches about 0.4 due to
the CP phase effect beyond our expectation in the case of large 1-3 mixing
angle. Furthermore, the CP phase effect have almost same sign over the region
GeV so that one may find the signal of CP violation by measuring the
total rate only. As an example, we use an experimental setup and demonstrate
that the allowed region is limited to one by combined analysis of and
events although there remain three allowed regions by the analysis
of events alone.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, version to appear in PL
Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease regulates the processing of small-subunit rRNAs in human cells
Ribosome biogenesis occurs successively in the nucleolus, nucleoplasm, and cytoplasm. Maturation of the ribosomal small subunit is completed in the cytoplasm by incorporation of a particular class of ribosomal proteins and final cleavage of 18S-E pre-rRNA (18S-E). Here, we show that poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) participates in steps leading to 18S-E maturation in human cells. We found PARN as a novel component of the pre-40S particle pulled down with the pre-ribosome factor LTV1 or Bystin. Reverse pull-down analysis revealed that PARN is a constitutive component of the Bystin-associated pre-40S particle. Knockdown of PARN or exogenous expression of an enzyme-dead PARN mutant (D28A) accumulated 18S-E in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Moreover, expression of D28A accumulated 18S-E in Bystin-associated pre-40S particles, suggesting that the enzymatic activity of PARN is necessary for the release of 18S-E from Bystin-associated pre-40S particles. Finally, RNase H–based fragmentation analysis and 3΄-sequence analysis of 18S-E species present in cells expressing wild-type PARN or D28A suggested that PARN degrades the extended regions encompassing nucleotides 5–44 at the 3΄ end of mature 18S rRNA. Our results reveal a novel role for PARN in ribosome biogenesis in human cells
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