ネパール ニ オケル トキソプラズマショウ ノ ケッセイ エキガク チョウサ

We studied the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies among inhabitants of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal (location of the capital, Kathmandu) and inhabitants of a village area in Lekhnath City, Kaski District (central Kathmandu), epal. A total of 376 serum samples were collected from apparently healthy participants. Toxoplasma antibodies (IgM and IgG) were detected by enzyme- linked fluorescent assay (ELFA). In the Kathmandu Valley, positive rates for Toxoplasma IgM and IgG antibodies were 1.4% (2/146) and 35.6% (52/146) respectively. In Lekhnath City, positive rates were 2.6% (6/230) for IgM antibodies and 60.4% for IgG antibodies, i.e., comparatively higher than those in the Kathmandu Valley. The higher prevalence of these antibodies in the Lekhnath City village area was associated with animal keeping in almost all households, while in the Kathmandu Valley only a few households kept animals. However, the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in these areas was relatively high in each case. Environmental conditions may be responsible for the transmission of Toxo- plasma parasites in both areas

ヒト ジュウモウセイ ゴナドロビン ノ リンショウテキ イギ ト ソクテイ ニ オケル モンダイテン

Human chorionic gonadotropin is a glycoprotein hormone composed of α and β subunits, and shows a seat-belt structure three-dimensionally. The α subunit is identical to those of pituitary glycoprotein hormones, FSH, LH, and TSH. The biochemical characteristics of hCG, the amino acid sequences,carbohydrate structures, and biosynthetic pathways, were clarified in the 1970\u27s. Recent genomic studies demonstrated that hCG is coded by multiple copies of genes that form a cluster at 19q13.33 on chromosome 19. A novel hCG molecule with a different immunoreactivity has been identified. It has the same amino acid sequences as regular hCG (R-hCG), but has a higher carbohydrate content than regular hCG, and has therefore been named hyperglycosylated hCG (H-hCG). Although R-hCG is secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast, H-hCG is produced in the cytotrophoblast, and promotes the invasion of the fertilized ovum into the endometrium during the first two weeks of gestation. H-hCG is also secreted in choriocarcinoma and is related to malignancies. By the 1980\u27s, hCG was being measured immunologically using polyclonal antibodies. Sandwichimmunoassays with monoclonal antibodies and improved detection systems have now replaced the old immunoassay systems. The new systems have enabled the detection and discrimination of not only R-hCG and H-hCG but also various previously identified hCG-related peptides that result from degradation. However, false negative and false positive results, which are caused by increased levels of the hCG-related peptides and heterophilic antibodies, respectively, have been reported in some cases. To increase the accuracy of these analyses, specific protocols using both serum and urine as test samples should be applied to the measurement hCG levels, especially for diagnosis and treatment of choriocarcinoma

ネパール ノ Kaski チク ニ オケル セイカツスイ ノ ビョウゲンセイ ビセイブツ オセン ジッタイ チョウサ

Diarrheal disease is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality particularly among children in the developing countries with poor water sanitation. In the rainy season of 2009, a study on enteropathogenic contamination was performed for the water supply in the Kaski District of Nepal. A total of 23 water samples, including 6 from Pokhara City (central city), 7 from Patneri Village (on the plain side), and 10 from Dhital Village (on the hill side) were investigated using a commercially available coliform bacilli kit, MPN Colilert (IDEXX Laboratories, USA). In total, 87% (20/23) water samples were positive for coliform bacilli (Escherichia coli) and 74% (17/23) for fecal coliform bacilli. All samples collected in Pokhara City and Dhital Village were positive for coliform bacilli while only 57% (4/7) of samples collected from Patneri Village were for coliform bacilli. With regard to fecal coliform bacilli, rates of positivity in these three locations were 100% (6/6), 80% (8/10), and 43% (3/7), respectively. Interestingly, water samples collected from schools at Dhital Village and Patneri Village showed both coliform bacilli and fecal coliform bacilli. These findings, particularly of fecal coliform contamination of water at schools, suggest the possibility of outbreaks of waterborne disease among children. We recommend effective sterilization of the water supply and improvement of knowledge of water safety in school children as well as people in general

ホンガク コウベ トキワ タンキ ダイガク ニ オケル ダイ53カイ リンショウ ケンサ ギシ コッカ シケン ケッカ ブンセキ ニ ツイテ

We have analyzed results of the 53rd National Examination by the same method as we did in the last year. The examination pass rate of the Kobe Tokiwa College students was 77.4%. This number is better than that of the national average pass rate (74.7%). However, this number is still low relative to the pass rate of the new graduates (88.8%). Therefore, the further discussion on the improvement in pass rates is required. It is essential to raise the percentage of the correct answers in the categories which the Kobe Tokiwa College students find difficult. The examination pass rate is expected to be improved by making students to repeatedly solve the questions of the past five years according to each student level