Numerical Analysis of Outdoor Thermal Environment in City Block Area Using Coupled Simulation of Convection and Radiation -Part 2 CFD Study on of Outdoor Thenna1 Environment sing Modified κ-ε model -

In this study, velocity, temperature and humidity fields in urban area were analyzed using CFD technique developed by the authors. Spatial distribution of SET* is calculated in order to assess pedestrian comfort from the CFD predictions. It was darified that 1) revised κ-ε model can predict the velocity field and temperature field more accurately　than does the stndard κ-ε model， 2) greening is effective for relaxation of thermal environment on the urban area in summer，3) coupled simulation of radiation and convection with incorporating of moisture transport is very powerful tool for eva1uating the outdoor environment

Numerical Analysis of Outdoor Thermal Environment in City Block Area Using Coupled Simulation of Convection and Radiation -Part 2 CFD Study on of Outdoor Thenna1 Environment sing Modified κ-ε model -

In this study, velocity, temperature and humidity fields in urban area were analyzed using CFD technique developed by the authors. Spatial distribution of SET* is calculated in order to assess pedestrian comfort from the CFD predictions. It was darified that 1) revised κ-ε model can predict the velocity field and temperature field more accurately　than does the stndard κ-ε model， 2) greening is effective for relaxation of thermal environment on the urban area in summer，3) coupled simulation of radiation and convection with incorporating of moisture transport is very powerful tool for eva1uating the outdoor environment

Drug retention and discontinuation reasons between seven biologics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis -The ANSWER cohort study-

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the retention and discontinuation reasons of seven biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in a real-world setting of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 1,037 treatment courses with bDMARDs from 2009 to 2016 [female, 81.8%; baseline age, 59.6 y; disease duration 7.8 y; rheumatoid factor positivity 81.5%; Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR), 4.4; concomitant prednisolone 43.5% and methotrexate 68.6%; Bio-naïve, 57.1%; abatacept (ABT), 21.3%; tocilizumab (TCZ), 20.7%; golimumab (GLM), 16.9%; etanercept (ETN), 13.6%; adalimumab (ADA), 11.1%; infliximab (IFX), 8.5%; certolizumab pegol (CZP), 7.9%] were included in this multi-center, retrospective study. Drug retention and discontinuation reasons at 36 months were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and adjusted by potent confounders using Cox proportional hazards modeling. As a result, 455 treatment courses (43.9%) were stopped, with 217 (20.9%) stopping due to inefficacy, 113 (10.9%) due to non-toxic reasons, 86 (8.3%) due to toxic adverse events, and 39 (3.8%) due to remission. Drug retention rates in the adjusted model were as follows: total retention (ABT, 60.7%; ADA, 32.7%; CZP, 43.3%; ETN, 51.9%; GLM, 45.4%; IFX, 31.1%; and TCZ, 59.2%; P < 0.001); inefficacy (ABT, 81.4%; ADA, 65.7%; CZP, 60.7%; ETN, 71.3%; GLM, 68.5%; IFX, 65.0%; and TCZ, 81.4%; P = 0.015), toxic adverse events (ABT, 89.8%; ADA, 80.5%; CZP, 83.9%; ETN, 89.2%; GLM, 85.5%; IFX, 75.6%; and TCZ, 77.2%; P = 0.50), and remission (ABT, 95.5%; ADA, 88.1%; CZP, 91.1%; ETN, 97.5%; GLM, 94.7%; IFX, 86.4%; and TCZ, 98.4%; P < 0.001). In the treatment of RA, ABT and TCZ showed higher overall retention, and TCZ showed lower inefficacy compared to IFX, while IFX showed higher discontinuation due to remission compared to ABT, ETN, GLM, and TCZ in adjusted modeling.Ebina K., Hashimoto M., Yamamoto W., et al. (2018) Drug retention and discontinuation reasons between seven biologics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis -The ANSWER cohort study-. PLoS ONE 13(3): e0194130. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194130

Safety of JAK and IL-6 inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a multicenter cohort study

BackgroundThe ORAL Surveillance trial showed a potentially higher incidence of malignancy and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) associated with tofacitinib than those associated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors (TNFis). However, few studies have compared the safety of non-TNFis or other Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (JAKis). This study was aimed at comparing the incidence rates (IRs) of malignancies and MACEs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated using interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitors (IL-6is) or JAKis.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 427 patients with RA who were treated using an IL-6i (n = 273) or a JAKi (n = 154). We determined the IRs of malignancy and MACEs, and the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of malignancies and investigated factors related to malignancy and MACEs. After adjusting the clinical characteristic imbalance by propensity score matching (PSM), we compared the IRs of adverse events between the JAKi and IL-6i groups.ResultsAfter PSM, the observational period was determined to be 605.27 patient-years (PY), and the median observational period was determined to be 2.28 years. We identified seven cases of malignancy (IR: 2.94 per 100 PY) in the JAKi-treated group and five cases (IR: 1.36 per 100 PY) in the IL-6i-treated group after PSM. The IR of MACEs was 2.56 and 0.83 (per 100 PY) in the JAKi- and IL-6i-treated groups. The IRRs of JAKi-treated patients versus IL-6i-treated patients were 2.13 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67–7.42) for malignancy and 3.03 (95% CI: 0.77–15.21) for MACE. There were no significant differences in IRR for malignancy and MACE between both groups after PSM. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses revealed that older age and JAKi use were independent risk factors for malignancy, while older age, hypertension, and JAKi use were independent risk factors for MACEs. The overall malignancy SIR was significantly higher in the JAKi-treated group compared to the general population (2.10/100 PY, 95% CI: 1.23–2.97).ConclusionThe IRs of malignancy and MACE in patients with RA after PSM were comparable between IL-6i-treated and JAKi-treated patients. However, the SIR of malignancy in JAKi treatment was significantly higher than in the general population; therefore, further safety studies comparing JAKi to non-TNFi biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) are needed

Results of the search for inspiraling compact star binaries from TAMA300's observation in 2000-2004

We analyze the data of TAMA300 detector to search for gravitational waves from inspiraling compact star binaries with masses of the component stars in the range 1-3Msolar. In this analysis, 2705 hours of data, taken during the years 2000-2004, are used for the event search. We combine the results of different observation runs, and obtained a single upper limit on the rate of the coalescence of compact binaries in our Galaxy of 20 per year at a 90% confidence level. In this upper limit, the effect of various systematic errors such like the uncertainty of the background estimation and the calibration of the detector's sensitivity are included.Comment: 8 pages, 4 Postscript figures, uses revtex4.sty The author list was correcte

Study on urban climate analysis based on meso-scale model incorporated with the Urban Canopy Model

特集1 乱流シミュレーションと流れの設計(TSFD

Observation results by the TAMA300 detector on gravitational wave bursts from stellar-core collapses

We present data-analysis schemes and results of observations with the TAMA300 gravitational-wave detector, targeting burst signals from stellar-core collapse events. In analyses for burst gravitational waves, the detection and fake-reduction schemes are different from well-investigated ones for a chirp-wave analysis, because precise waveform templates are not available. We used an excess-power filter for the extraction of gravitational-wave candidates, and developed two methods for the reduction of fake events caused by non-stationary noises of the detector. These analysis schemes were applied to real data from the TAMA300 interferometric gravitational wave detector. As a result, fake events were reduced by a factor of about 1000 in the best cases. The resultant event candidates were interpreted from an astronomical viewpoint. We set an upper limit of 2.2x10^3 events/sec on the burst gravitational-wave event rate in our Galaxy with a confidence level of 90%. This work sets a milestone and prospects on the search for burst gravitational waves, by establishing an analysis scheme for the observation data from an interferometric gravitational wave detector

Numerical Analysis of Local Climate in Niigata Area

Velocity and temperature fields in Niigata area were predicted numerically using the turbulence closure model developed by Mellow and Yamada. Two cases of predictions were carried out. In case 1, the present situations of land-use were incorporated into the prediction through the boundary conditions at the ground surface, while values of surface parameters in the area of rice field were changed to the values corresponding to the paved road in case2. Effects of the rice field on local climate in summer season were discussed by comparing the results of these two cases

尿管ポリープの膀胱内脱出を伴った巨大尿管結石の1例

We report a case of a benign fibroepithelial polyp of the lowermost ureter, which prolapsed into the bladder and was associated with a huge, impacted ureteral stone. The polyp was considered to have resulted from chronic irritation of the ureteral mucosa caused by the stone. Review of the literature showed that six out of 74 reported cases had concomitant stones but the polyp was apparently caused by the calculi in only one case