INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH IN THE TREATMENT OF IMPACTED CANINES - review and a case report

The successful management of severely impacted maxillary canine requires close cooperation of an orthodontist, an oral surgeon, a radiologist a periodontist and a prosthodontist.The present report reviews the literature on diagnosis on treatment and management of impacted maxillary canines and presents the interdisciplinary and individual approach to a 14 year-old patient with severely impacted upper right canine.Extraction of permanent impacted maxillary canine is not a routine method, but it is sometimes a good and inevitable choice. A beautiful smile and functional occlusion can be achieved in the absence of the canine and by the rest of the available teeth

Reaction strategies for synthesis of imidazole derivatives: a review

The development of a methodical directional synthesis of complex organic molecules with the aim of obtaining the physiologically active substance with selective action takes a central position in modern synthetic organic chemistry. Imidazole derivatives are a key component in great many bioactive compounds of both natural and synthetic origin. Ðœany scientists in the field of pharmaceutical chemistry and pharmacology have been attracted to them in recent years. This is because of the exceptional chemical properties and biological activities that they demonstrate. It is a big challenge for the scientists to modify and synthesize new imidazole derivatives

Sex -related differences in the lips and mouth area of Buglarians - an investigation by 3D laser scanning

Purpose : The objective of this study was to supply information about normal sex-related dimensions of the mouth area and lips among contemporary Bulgarian population (linear distances, ratios, angles, area, volume) and compare the results with other populations.Materials and methods : The three-dimensional coordinates of several soft-tissue landmarks on the lips and mouth were obtained by a non-invasive method with FastSCAN in 16 male and 23 female healthy subjects aged 21-35 years. From the landmarks, linear distances (mouth width, width of the philtrum, vermilion heights of the upper, lower and total lips, total lip height), the vermilion height-to-mouth width ratio, areas (vermilion of the upper, lower and total lip) and volumes (upper, lower, and total lip volume) were calculated and averaged for sex.Results : Comparisons were performed by SPSS 17.0. Data collected in the present investigation could serve as a database for the quantitative description of human lip morphology during normal growth, development and aging. Conclusion. Forensic applications (evaluations of trauma, craniofacial alterations, teratogenic- induced conditions, facial reconstruction, aging of living and dead persons, personal identification) may also benefit from age- and sex-based data banks

ORTHODONTIC PROBLEMS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPODONTIA AND TAURODONTISM OF PERMANENT MOLARS

Taurodontism is a morphological abnormality of the tooth shape with the following characteristic features: vertically enlarged pulp chamber, apical displacement of the bifurcation and trifurcation, shortened roots and no constriction at the level of the cementoenamel junction. This anomaly is still neglected by orthodontists when it comes to making treatment plans in spite of the reports in the literature of a close association of this condition with hypodontia and oligodontia.Aim: The article discusses the orthodontic problems arising in treating patients with hypodontia and taurodontism and suggests approaches to reducing the risk of complications during orthodontic tooth movement.Discussion: Failure to identify taurodont teeth in hypodontic patients can cause serious complications in their orthodontic management because of the greater susceptibility of these types of teeth to root resorption in orthodontic tooth movement. Besides, these types of teeth are less anchorage.Conclusion: The high incidence of taurodontism in hypodontic patients presents a clinical challenge for general dental practitioners and orthodonists alike. Furthermore, successful management of hypodontia rests on the orthodontist's ability to identify taurodont teeth and correctly include them in treatment plan

SURGICAL UNCOVERING AND STIMULATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ERUPTION OF PALATALLY IMPACTED MAXILLARY CANINES: Case reports

Introduction. The orthodontist treating patients with palatally impacted canines usually strives to build a complex treatment plan, based on uncomplicated and biological orthodontic and surgical techniques.The aim of the present report was to demonstrate by case reports the potential of the open surgical technique for stimulation of physiological eruption of palatally impacted canines.Material and methods. Three patients aged 13 to 20 years with various degrees of unilateral and bilateral palatal impaction of maxillary canines were managed by the described technique.Results and discussion. All canines underwent autonomous eruption after all soft- and hard-tissue obstructions on their paths were removed.Conclusion. The described method of surgical uncovering and autonomous eruption created conditions for biological eruption of the palatally impacted canines into the oral cavity and facilitated considerably the subsequent orthodontic treatment for their proper alignment in the dental arch

Digital Occlusion Analysis after Orthodontic Treatment: Capabilities of the Intraoral Scanner and T-Scan Novus System

Digital technology is becoming increasingly popular in dentistry. The aim of this article is to demonstrate and compare the capabilities of two different digital approaches, namely, intraoral scanning and digital examination of occlusion, in the final analysis of occlusion after orthodontic treatment. The capabilities and limitations of both systems are emphasized to help clinicians determine which system to use in specific cases. Materials and methods: The study included 32 patients (15 males and 17 females) in the retention phase after orthodontic treatment. Patients were aged 15 to 28 years with a mean age of 18.62 years (±4.17), and 62.2% were aged under 18 years. At the beginning of the orthodontic treatment, 18 patients had Angle Class I and 14 had Angle Class II. Overall, 18 patients were treated without extractions and 14 with extractions, while 12 had impacted teeth. All patients wore an Essix retainer in the upper jaw and a fixed canine-to-canine retainer in the lower jaw. Intraoral scanning was performed using Trios color (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2014), and digital occlusion imaging was performed using T-Scan Novus (Tekscan, Norwood, MA, USA, 2018). SPSS 23.0 was used to perform descriptive statistical analysis. Result and Conclusion: With the 3Shape system, the contacts are marked based on the proximity between dentitions. The T-Scan system measures the strength of the contacts, regardless of their area. Despite its many advantages, intraoral scanning is not a reliable method for recording occlusions. The results obtained are not incorrect, but they include limited parameters for analysis. The T-Scan system provides comprehensive results and allows analysis and treatment of occlusal dysfunctions. The T-Scan system can provide information on the first contact, strength of the contacts, contact distribution on each tooth, sequence of contacts, maximum bite force and maximum intercuspation, path of the lower jaw movement, and occlusion and disocclusion times as well as record videos with active sequences and distributions of the contacts. There is a good collaboration between intraoral scanning and digital occlusion determination

English

The paper offers a review of the linguistic literature dealing with the cognitive approaches to exploring language. It focuses on frame semantics as presenting a systematic description of language meaning and the role of frames in creating conceptual categories. The approaches discussed are applied to a corpus of technical texts and the examples are analysed in terms of the framework suggested.В статията се предлага обзор на лингвистичната литература, свързана с когнитивните подходи към изследването на езика. Фокусира се върху структурната семантика, предоставяща систематично описание на смисъла, предаван езиково и върху ролята на семантичните конструкции в създаването на концептуални категории и значения. Разгледаните методи и подходи се прилагат към корпус от технически текстове и примерите са анализирани в съответствие с предложените модели