Interlayer tunneling in counterflow experiments on the excitonic condensate in quantum Hall bilayers

The effect of tunneling on the transport properties of} quantum Hall double layers in the regime of the excitonic condensate at total filling factor one is studied in counterflow experiments. If the tunnel current $I$ is smaller than a critical $I_C$, tunneling is large and is effectively shorting the two layers. For $I > I_C$ tunneling becomes negligible. Surprisingly, the transition between the two tunneling regimes has only a minor impact on the features of the filling-factor one state as observed in magneto-transport, but at currents exceeding $I_C$ the resistance along the layers increases rapidly

Anomalous kinetics of attractive A+B→0A+B \to 0 reactions

We investigate the kinetics of $A+B \to 0$ reaction with the local attractive interaction between opposite species in one spatial dimension. The attractive interaction leads to isotropic diffusions inside segregated single species domains, and accelerates the reactions of opposite species at the domain boundaries. At equal initial densities of $A$ and $B$, we analytically and numerically show that the density of particles ($\rho$), the size of domains ($\ell$), the distance between the closest neighbor of same species ($\ell_{AA}$), and the distance between adjacent opposite species ($\ell_{AB}$) scale in time as $\rho \sim t^{-1/3}$, $\ell_{AA} \sim t^{1/3}$, and $\ell \sim \ell_{AB} \sim t^{2/3}$ respectively. These dynamical exponents form a new universality class distinguished from the class of uniformly driven systems of hard-core particles.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Better age estimations using UV-optical colours: breaking the age-metallicity degeneracy

We demonstrate that the combination of GALEX UV photometry in the FUV (~1530 angstroms) and NUV (~2310 angstroms) passbands with optical photometry in the standard U,B,V,R,I filters can efficiently break the age-metallicity degeneracy. We estimate well-constrained ages, metallicities and their associated errors for 42 GCs in M31, and show that the full set of FUV,NUV,U,B,V,R,I photometry produces age estimates that are ~90 percent more constrained and metallicity estimates that are ~60 percent more constrained than those produced by using optical filters alone. The quality of the age constraints is comparable or marginally better than those achieved using a large number of spectrscopic indices.Comment: Published in MNRAS (2007), 381, L74 (doi: 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2007.00370.x

Giant Flexoelectric Effect in Ferroelectric Epitaxial Thin Films

We report on nanoscale strain gradients in ferroelectric HoMnO3 epitaxial thin films, resulting in a giant flexoelectric effect. Using grazing-incidence in-plane X-ray diffraction, we measured strain gradients in the films, which were 6 or 7 orders of magnitude larger than typical values reported for bulk oxides. The combination of transmission electron microscopy, electrical measurements, and electrostatic calculations showed that flexoelectricity provides a means of tuning the physical properties of ferroelectric epitaxial thin films, such as domain configurations and hysteresis curves.Comment: Accepted by Phys. Rev. Let

Absence of ferromagnetism in Co and Mn substituted polycrystalline ZnO

We discuss the properties of semiconducting bulk ZnO when substituted with the magnetic transition metal ions Mn and Co, with substituent fraction ranging from $x$ = 0.02 to $x$ = 0.15. The magnetic properties were measured as a function of magnetic field and temperature and we find no evidence for magnetic ordering in these systems down to $T$ = 2 K. The magnetization can be fit by the sum of a Curie-Weiss term with a Weiss temperature of $\Theta\gg$100 K and a Curie term. We attribute this behavior to contributions from both \textit{t}M ions with \textit{t}M nearest neighbors and from isolated spins. This particular functional form for the susceptibility is used to explain why no ordering is observed in \textit{t}M substituted ZnO samples despite the large values of the Weiss temperature. We also discuss in detail the methods we used to minimize any impurity contributions to the magnetic signal.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures (revised

Measuring Inter-DNA Potentials in Solution

Interactions between short strands of DNA can be tuned from repulsive to attractive by varying solution conditions and have been quantified using small angle x-ray scattering techniques. The effective DNA interaction charge was extracted by fitting the scattering profiles with the generalized one-component method and inter-DNA Yukawa pair potentials. A significant charge is measured at low to moderate monovalent counterion concentrations, resulting in strong inter-DNA repulsion. The charge and repulsion diminish rapidly upon the addition of divalent counterions. An intriguing short range attraction is observed at surprisingly low divalent cation concentrations, ~16 mM Mg2+. Quantitative measurements of inter- DNA potentials are essential for improving models of fundamental interactions in biological systems

Inter-DNA Attraction Mediated by Divalent Counterions

Can nonspecifically bound divalent counterions induce attraction between DNA strands? Here, we present experimental evidence demonstrating attraction between short DNA strands mediated by Mg2 ions. Solution small angle x-ray scattering data collected as a function of DNA concentration enable model independent extraction of the second virial coefficient. As the [Mg2] increases, this coefficient turns from positive to negative reflecting the transition from repulsive to attractive inter-DNA interaction. This surprising observation is corroborated by independent light scattering experiments. The dependence of the observed attraction on experimental parameters including DNA length provides valuable clues to its origin

Electromechanical tuning of vertically-coupled photonic crystal nanobeams

We present the design, the fabrication and the characterization of a tunable one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal cavity (PCC) etched on two vertically-coupled GaAs nanobeams. A novel fabrication method which prevents their adhesion under capillary forces is introduced. We discuss a design to increase the flexibility of the structure and we demonstrate a large reversible and controllable electromechanical wavelength tuning (> 15 nm) of the cavity modes.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

Exactly Soluble Quantum Wormhole in Two Dimensions

We are presenting a quantum traversable wormhole in an exactly soluble two-dimensional model. This is different from previous works since the exotic negative energy that supports the wormhole is generated from the quantization of classical energy-momentum tensors. This explicit illustration shows the quantum-mechanical energy can be used as a candidate for the exotic source. As for the traversability, after a particle travels through the wormhole, the static initial wormhole geometry gets a back reaction which spoils the wormhole structure. However, it may still maintain the initial structure along with the appropriate boundary condition.Comment: v1. 13 pages, 1 figure, REVTeX3; v2. 1 Ref. added, REVTeX4, to appear in Phys. Rev.